The similarities and differences between two types of surface waves that can exist on a plane metal-lossless dielectric interface, on the one hand, and on a plane lossy-lossless dielectric interface, on the other hand, are analyzed numerically. They both can lead to total absorption of light by surface relief gratings and show different behavior in transmission by lamellar gratings.

It has recently been shown that an increase of the relief height of a glossy surface positively correlates with the perceived level of gloss (Y.-H. Ho, M. S. Landy, & L. T. Maloney, 2008). In the study presented here we investigated whether this relation could be explained by the finding that glossiness perception correlates with the skewness of the luminance histogram (I. Motoyoshi, S. Nishida...

The change of the surface relief associated with stress-induced epsilon martensite before and after the reverse transformation in an Fe-33%Mn-6%Si alloy (Msz264K) has been investigated. The permanent strain of a 2.7% tensile-strained specimen was 1.1% after the reverse transformation. In this specimen, a large part of surface relief still remained after heating to 623K (above Af). When five tra...

BACKGROUND Children and infants with impaired swallow or compromised enteral absorption require alternative routes for administration of analgesia. Recent clinical guidance and practice for paediatric palliative care teams, who often treat such children, supports buccal morphine sulphate as a fast acting, effective and easily administered agent for pain relief. However, a consideration of the p...

In order to examine the effectiveness of the application of static magnetic field (SMF) on pain relief, we performed a study on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Sixty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (age: 6 weeks, body weight: approximately 160 g) were divided into three groups [SMF-treated AA rats (Group I), non-SMF-treated AA rats (Group II) and control rats (Group III)]. The SD rats were i...

The rigorous coupled-wave approach was used to compute the plane-wave absorptance of a thin-film tandem solar cell with a metallic surface-relief grating as its back reflector. The absorptance is a function of the angle of incidence and the polarization state of incident light; the free-space wavelength; and the period, duty cycle, the corrugation height, and the shape of the unit cell of the s...

Electrically tunable diffractive optical elements are presented based on two approaches: tunable and switchable DOE and DFB lasers based on holographically patterned LC-polymer composites and on surface relief gratings connected with dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA).

Surface plasmon excitation by normally incident light on surface-relief metallic diffraction gratings is studied numerically. Predominantly unidirectional excitation is achieved with a grating of either a slanted lamellar or an inclined sinusoidal groove profile, both having shallow depths. Maps of Poynting vector illustrate that the energy flow turns from normal incidence in the far-field regi...

Dental topographic analysis is the quantitative assessment of shape of three-dimensional models of tooth crowns and component features. Molar topographic curvature, relief, and complexity correlate with aspects of feeding behavior in certain living primates, and have been employed to investigate dietary ecology in extant and extinct primate species. This study investigates whether dental topogr...