Flexibility has been widely recognized as a key competitive factor for manufacturing firms coping with the increasingly turbulent manufacturing environment today. Establishing a flexible surface mount assembly (SMA) system is critical for organizations to achieve a cost-effective assembly and gain competitive advantages in the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly industry. To find a practicable...

With the progression of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) towards a mainstream resource management tool, it has become necessary to understand how best to process and analyze the data. While most ground surface identification algorithms remain proprietary and have high purchase costs; a few are openly available, free to use, and are supported by published results. Two of the latter are the mu...

We study the Bloch theorem which states absence of the spontaneous current in interacting electron systems. This theorem is shown to be still applicable to the system with the magnetic field induced by the electric current. Application to the spontaneous surface current is also examined in detail. Our result excludes the possibility of the recently proposed d-wave superconductivity having the s...

Upon unloading in a forming process there is elastic recovery, which is the release of the elastic strains and the redistribution of the residual stresses through the thickness direction. It causes changes in shape and dimensions that can create major problem in the external appearance of outer panels. Thus surface deflection prediction is an important issue in sheet metal forming industry. The...

The main objective in this research is to estimate 3D free-form real objects surface characteristics to identify the material based on surface reflectance analysis. To investigate the surface micro-structural detail, we use a time-of-flight range sensor to obtain the orientation of object local surface patches and the intensity of infrared scattering light reflected from those patches. A modifi...

This paper describes a method for creating object surfaces from binary-segmented data that are free from aliasing and terracing artifacts. In this method, a net of linked surface nodes is created over the surface of the binary object. The positions of the nodes are adjusted iteratively to reduce energy in the surface net while satisfying the constraint that each element in the surface net must ...

devices. Morphologies of the metal nanostructures should be taken into consideration to maximize the properties of the metal surface. In general, morphologies such as spheres (particles), [ 1d , 4 ] platelets (squares, triangles etc), [ 1c,e ] and vertically aligned pillars [ 5 ] have been systematically generated. Since the interface of the junction is often a 2D crystalline plane with high sy...

We report on measurements of the rate of homogeneous ice nucleation in supercooled water microdroplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance. By comparison of the freezing probability for droplets of radius 49 µm and 19 µm, we are able to conclude that homogeneous freezing is a volume-proportional process and that surface nucleation might only be important, if at all, for much smaller droplets.

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of two chemically substituted Ca-ruthenates is examined with models including the Efros—Shklovskii mechanism invoking Coulomb interactions between carriers. Additional mechanisms causing an energy dependence to the density of states at the Fermi surface may explain the unusually wide temperature and conductivity range obeyed by one system...

This paper presents a new mapping to construct the self-organizing map on the curved seamless surface. This mapping is developed for the planar triangle surface derived from the conformal selforganizing map [C.-Y. Liou, Y.-T. Kuo, Conformal self-organizing map for a genus-zero manifold, Visual Comput. 21(5) (2005) 340–353]. It shows how to construct a seamless surface for the genus-zero manifol...