Objective. Impedance measurement of cardiac output has struggled to become established partly because there have been only a few attempts to establish a sound theoretical basis for this measurement. Our objective is to demonstrate that there is valuable aortic flow information available from an intrathoracic impedance signal which may eventually be useful in the measurement of cardiac output by...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a crucial tool for the detection and study of various biological substances, from DNA and proteins to viruses and bacteria. It does not require any labelling species, and methods based on it have been developed to study cellular processes (such as cell spreading, adhesion, invasion, toxicology and mobility). However, data have so far lacked spatial info...

Abstract A robust internal force-based impedance control scheme for coordinating manipulators is introduced. Internal forcebased impedance control enforces a relationship between the velocity of each manipulator and the internal force on the manipulated objects and requires no knowledge of the object dynamic model. Each manipulator's nonlinear dynamics is compensated by a robust auxiliary contr...

Porous electrodes provide high-surface-area supports for the catalysts of many reactions, but the influences of electrode preparation conditions on electrocatalysts are not always well understood. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ~EIS! can provide extensive information about an electrode, but the models describing the spectra are often too idealized to draw useful conclusions. We describe...

In this study, we identified mass and charge transfer resistances for an oxygen reducing biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The oxygen reducing biocathode was grown using nitrifying sludge as the inoculum. A standard model for charge transfer at the electrode surface combined with diffusion across a boundary layer was used. EIS measurement...

This paper describes an adaptive and autocalibrated method to track surfaces. To do so, a non time dependent impedance control system is proposed. This method fuses visual and force information to track a given trajectory maintaining the contact with the surface. The main contribution of the visual servoing approach employed by the impedance control system is the possibility of carrying out the...

The objective of this paper is to design impedance surfaces for the solution of the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of antennas. In a recent paper, corresponding surfaces were used to reduce coupling between antennas located on a plane. These surfaces were made artificially, e.g., by loading a conducting surface with corrugations. The design of the impedance structure is done for a giv...

Reliable location routing problem considers a location problem and a vehicle routing problem in order to select the optimal location of facilities and at the same time the optimal routes for vehicles considering the unexpected failure for facilities in which, all facilities may fail with a probability. In this paper, a bi-objective mathematical model has been developed to minimize the total cos...

An innovative method is presented to measure the mechanical driving point impedance of biological structures up to at least 40 kHz. The technique employs an atomic force cantilever with a ferromagnetic coating and an external magnetic field to apply a calibrated force to the cantilever. Measurement of the resulting cantilever velocity using a laser Doppler vibrometer yields the impedance. A key...

This paper presents a novel electrical needle integrated with microelectrodes, which can measure the electrical impedance of biotissues in real-time. The microelectrodes on the surface of a fine-needle (400 μm in diameter) were fabricated by using a flexible film photomask. This photomask allows a conformal contact with the curved surface, so the designed patterns on the photomask can be transf...