Background Optimum learning environments (LEs) have been shown to be linked with positive training outcomes for residents. The internal medicine residency programme is one of the oldest residency programmes in Sudan. However, there is little data concerning how the residents perceive the LE in training hospitals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the resi...

Wind environment in the populated built area especially in campus is important. This s tudy tes ted57 crossroad spots over of the whole campus in North China University of Technology (NCUT). The data of wind speed and direction were measured at fixed time and fixed place. The average, maximum values as well as the speed variation scale were calculated. Wind comfort criteria were adopted t...

There are several types of attacks, including multi-protocol attacks, that occur when incorrect assumptions are made about the operating environment of a cryptographic protocol. This paper introduces the concept of a protocol service layer providing separation between cryptographic services and their uses. This layer implements the necessary security functions needed to implement the secure env...