Background: The BCG vaccine, used since 1921 to prevent tuberculosis (TB), considered the world's most widely used vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and the type of complications associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in Iranian children. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study conducted for 6months among children aged up to 18 months who presen...

Under the Education Act of 1944, children who are backward at school may be referred for a special medical examination and officially "ascertained" as educationally subnormal (E.S.N.). On leaving school, they may be notified to the Local Health Authority and placed under the supervision of the mental health service. Some authorities, believing that these young people are able to manage their ow...

In 2006, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education launched a kindergarten supervision project with the aim of advancing curriculum and instruction quality, and reinforcing teachers’ professional development. As a supervisor, I visited 12 kindergartens between 2007 and 2011, spending 60 hours per year at each, spread across 10 visits. My particular roles were to facilitate the arts curriculum and pro...

This research examined how differences in category structure affect category learning and category representation across points of development. The authors specifically focused on category density--or the proportion of category-relevant variance to the total variance. Results of Experiments 1-3 showed a clear dissociation between dense and sparse categories: Whereas dense categories were readil...

The oral health of children living in industrialized countries has improved remarkably in the last 20 years, but many children still suffer from oral disease including caries, gingival infection, and malocclusion. Many studies report risk factors associated with the development of oral disease in children. While none provides a formula to determine accurately at birth the infant who will have t...

Burns are common accidents among the paediatric population and mainly concern children under five years of age or adolescents. They represent the second-highest most common cause of accidental mortality in children. They can be of a diverse nature: thermal, chemical, electrical or by inhalation that accompanies 20-35% of cutaneous burns. The majority of paediatric burns happen at home and in th...

Studies on delinquent behaviour have frequently shown that firstborn children are less involved in delinquency than middle-born children. We suggest that differential parental control of the children depending on their ordinal position might account for this phenomenon. The study, carried out with a French representative sample (n /1129), indicated that firstborns were more supervised than midd...

The article “Evidence-Based Community Pediatrics: Building a Bridge From Bedside to Neighborhood”1 explains the importance of using scientific evidence as the foundation of community pediatrics interventions. This commitment to evidence-based community-level health activities by pediatricians is a natural next step in the evolution of pediatrics as we return full circle to the origins of the sp...

Historically, research on pediatric pedestrian injuries has analyzed children younger than 5 years of age as a single group. However, in this study, these children were divided into two age groups which were reflective of differences in behavior and development. The data demonstrate differences in the circumstances of the pedestrian injury events between toddlers (0 through 2 years and ambulato...