(received ; accepted) PACS. 47.11+j { Computational methods in uid dynamics. PACS. 02.70Ns { Molecular dynamics and particle methods. Abstract. { Solid particles (such as snow or sand) can get eroded and transported by the wind, and little understanding has been achieved in this domain. We propose a description of the phenomenon in terms of a cellular automata and lattice Boltzmann model. Numer...

We present the first application of Snow Covered Area and Grain size model (SCAG) to Visible Infrared imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) assess these retrievals with finer?resolution fractional snow cover maps from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). Because OLI avoids saturation issues common 1–7 in visible wavelengths, we re-assess accuracy SCAG Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete...

Understanding of exchange processes over Tibetan Plateau including hydrological cycle is becoming increasingly important since their influence on the formation of the Asian monsoon system is known. Recent variation of levels of Tibetan lakes and retreat of mountain glaciers has to be studied in detail with respect to global change. Tibetan Plateau is source area for main Asian rivers that are o...

On 19 September 1991 an extraordinary archaeological discovery was made at a high-altitude mountain pass (Tisenjoch, 3210 m) of the Ötztal Alps near the Austrian-Italian border. Two mountain hikers from Nürnberg, Erika and Helmut Simon, after having scaled the Finail Peak (3516 m) that day were on their way back to the Similaun mountain hut (3019 m) located at the lowest part of a mountain ridg...

A snow-covered forest mapping method for optical remote sensing is proposed. The method is based on linear sub-pixel reflectance modelling of the surface components snow, individual tree species and bare ground. Experiments are performed using a 100% snow-covered Landsat TM scene and aerial photos covering spruce, pine and birch forest in the Jotunheimen mountain area of South Norway. The refle...

Abstract. Seasonal snowpack is an essential component in the hydrological cycle and plays a significant role supplying water resources to downstream users. Yet snow equivalent (SWE) seasonal snowpacks, its space–time variation, remains highly uncertain, especially over mountainous areas with complex terrain sparse observations, such as High Mountain Asia (HMA). In this work, we assessed spatiot...

Many studies have quantified debris collected on beaches around the world. Only a few of those studies have been conducted in the United States, and they are largely limited to semi-quantitative efforts performed as part of volunteer clean-up activities. This study quantifies the distribution and composition of beach debris by sampling 43 stratified random sites on the Orange County, California...