Resistance to the cytotoxic effects of many natural product drugs after exposure to a single agent is a common observation. The classes of drugs included in the "classic" multiple drug resistance phenotype are Vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, and antibiotics. We re port here the characterization of a human leukemic cell line (CEM/VM1) with "atypical" multiple drug resistanc...

Studies of sulfamide, phosphoric triamide and thiophosphoric triamide-based organocatalysts show that the phosphorus containing systems are effective new hydrogen bonding motifs for the recognition and transport of anions.

Resistance to the cytotoxic effects of many natural product drugs after exposure to a single agent is a common observation. The classes of drugs included in the "classic" multiple drug resistance phenotype are Vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, and antibiotics. We re port here the characterization of a human leukemic cell line (CEM/VM1) with "atypical" multiple drug resistanc...

objective(s): the major antibiotic efflux pump of esherichia coli is acrab-tolc. the first part of the pump, acrab, is encoded by acrab operon. the expression of this operon can be kept elevated by overexpression of an activator, mara following inactivation of marr and acrr repressors due to mutation in encoding genes, marr and acrr, respectively. the aims of this research were to use e. coli m...

patients and methods this cross-sectional study on 71 patients with ms was carried out between 2010 and 2012, in an iranian population. demographic and pharmacological variables were recorded in d-base. statistical analyses were performed using spss for windows. results the females/males sex ratio within the study population was 3.17: 1. the mean age of females was 32.2 years old (range 20 - 45...

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. Many pathogenic bacteria encode such enzymes belonging to the α-, β-, and/or γ-CA families. In the last decade, enzymes from some of these pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila, have been cloned and characterized in detail. These enzymes were shown to be effi...

background : multi drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mdr-tb) is an infection with a causative bacillus which is resistant to at least two drugs, isoniazid and rifampin. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of tb resistance to first-line drugs of newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis. methods : this cross-sectional study was performed on 77 patients with newly...

background pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen mostly affecting hospitalized and immunodeficient patients. considering the extent of attention paid to the issue of antibiotic resistance and the origin of such resistance and the growing number of treatment failures in patients with burn injury, it seems that investigating the degree of ampc gene expression could be beneficial for...

conclusions findings of this study showed that integron can have a limited frequency in s. aureus isolated from clinical sample in tehran. results among the 200 samples, 1% of the strains (two isolates) contained the class 1 integron gene. the results of this study showed that the highest frequency of the obtained samples belonged to males and the isolates occurred mostly in individuals aged 51...