In many mammalian species, the intestinal epithelium undergoes major changes that allow a dietary transition from mother's milk to the adult diet at the end of the suckling period. These complex developmental changes are the result of a genetic programme intrinsic to the gut tube, but its regulators have not been identified. Here we show that transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced matur...

The duration of the daily nursing episode was studied in five rabbits from Day 3 to Day 22 postpartum. Over the first 5 days there was a decrease in the mean duration from 225 sec. to 150 sec. Over the next 10 days it remained steady at about 150 sec. Second, five does were subjected to treatments which were intended to reduce suckling stimulation. Such treatments increased the duration of nurs...

A continuing debate in studies of social development in both humans and other animals is the extent to which early life experiences affect adult behavior. Also unclear are the relative contributions of cognitive skills ("intelligence") and temperament for successful outcomes. Guide dogs are particularly suited to research on these questions. To succeed as a guide dog, individuals must accomplis...

Mice infected in utero continued to carry choriomeningitis virus in the blood more regularly and in greater amount than suckling mice infected by contact. This result may be due to the difference in tissue maturity at the time of infection: the more immature the tissues are when infected, the longer the virus appears to persist in them after maturation. A similar result was obtained with mice o...

Severe climate change and global warming may impact significantly on vector-borne disease including Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection in human and animals. Thus, veterinary authority requires large quantity of diagnostic tools to survey vector-borne diseases. New producing method having a relation with JE antigen is needed to substitute conventional sucrose-acetone extraction method using su...

Aeromonas hydrophila secretes several extracellular proteins including enterotoxin, hemolysin and aerolysin that are associated with the bacterial virulence. Previous studies have shown that two hemolytic toxins, hemolysin A and aerolysin A contribute to the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. In the current study, a total of 50 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, including 28 (56%) strains isolate...

Forty-eight pigs were fostered at 2 to 9 h or at 2, 4, or 7 d of age to determine age-related differences in the behavioral interactions between fostered pigs, resident pigs, and the sow during the first 6 h after fostering. Pigs were fostered in pairs to sows with litters of comparable age. In each test, the two fostered pigs and two resident pigs of similar body weight were observed for 6 h, ...

Lactation delays the re-initiation of oestrous cyclicity in rats, resulting in physiological sterility for the duration of suckling. During this phase, the secretion of pituitary gonadotrophins is suppressed by an unknown mechanism. Continued application of the suckling stimulus by litter replacement (Bruce, 1958; Nicoll & Meites, 1959), or injections of prolactin (Meites & Nicoll, 1959), have ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether sow milk yield per gland could be increased by reducing the interval between suckles (suckling interval). Eighteen sows were allocated at their first farrowing to three treatments comprising litter sizes of 6 or 12 piglets or a cross-suckling treatment that was imposed to increase suckling frequency. The cross-suckled treatment comprised two ...

in this study, the effects of late gestational undernutrition (lgu) on plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-i), leptin, insulin and glucose in subsequent sucking lambs was investigated. ten twin-bearing ewes were fed either restrictedly (restricted) or adequately (control) during the last six weeks of gestation and were fed ad libitum after parturition. blood samples were t...