The local escape velocity provides valuable inputs to the mass profile of Galaxy, and requires understanding tail stellar speed distribution. Following Leonard $\&$ Tremaine (1990), various works have since modeled distribution as $\propto (v_{\rm{esc}} -v)^k$, where $v_{\rm{esc}}$ is velocity, $k$ slope In such studies, however, these two parameters were found be largely degenerate often a nar...

We explore the morphological and dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters in simulations using scalar and vector-valued Minkowski valuations and the concept of fundamental plane relations. In this context, three questions are of fundamental interest: 1. How does the average cluster morphology depend on the cosmological background model? 2. Is it possible to discriminate between different cosmolog...

One of the largest areas of bioinformatic and data mining research has been in the protein domain. These efforts have included protein structure prediction, folding pathway prediction, sequence alignment, ab initio simulation, structure alignment, substructure detection and many others. Substructure detection is generally defined as the mining of a molecule’s 3D structure in order to find inter...

The majority of gamma-ray emission from Galactic dark matter annihilation is likely to be detected as a contribution to the diffuse gamma-ray background. I show that dark matter substructure in the halo of the Galaxy induces characteristic anisotropies in the diffuse background that could be used to determine the small-scale dark matter distribution. I calculate the angular power spectrum of th...

Large, population-based samples and large-scale genotyping are being used to evaluate disease/gene associations. A substantial drawback to such samples is the fact that population substructure can induce spurious associations between genes and disease. We review two methods, called genomic control (GC) and structured association (SA), that obviate many of the concerns about population substruct...

We perform three dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a moving substructure in a cluster of galaxies. We investigate dynamical evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM) in and around the substructure moving radially in the larger cluster’s gravitational potential, and its observational consequences. After the substructure passes the larger cluster’s center, a bow shock and clear contact d...

We carry out a two-dimensional study of temperature, entropy and pressure distributions in a nearly volume-limited subsample of REFLEX clusters at redshift 0.3, the REFLEX-DXL. We use the observations gained by XMM-Newton, which cover the central 1−2× r500. We define the substructure in both entropy and pressure as a deviation from the mean profile of the sample. The non-parametric locally weig...

Traditionally, secular evolution is defined as evolution of systems where the internal growth of structure and instabilities dominates the growth via external drivers (e.g. accretion and mergers). Most study has focused on “isolated” galaxies, where seed asymmetries may represent realistic cosmological substructure, but subsequent evolution ignores galaxy growth and interactions. Large-scale mo...

The ever-increasing number of chemical compounds added every year has not been accompanied by a similar growth in our ability to analyze and classify these compounds. The problem of prevention of cancer caused by many of these chemicals has been of great scientific and humanitarian value. The use of AI discovery tools for predicting chemical toxicity is being investigated. The basic idea behind...