A good model of the relationship between the market demand and prices plays a very important role in economic decision-making. In this work we shall state four basic requirements which should be satisfied by any realistic demand function. The fourth of these is apparently new: essentially it requires that the total demand for substitutable products in a closed system should not increase for any...

This paper presents a competitive supply chain network design problem in which one, two, or three supply chains are planning to enter the price-dependent markets simultaneously in uncertain environments and decide to set the prices and shape their networks. The chains produce competitive products either identical or highly substitutable. Fuzzy multi-level mixed integer programming is used to mo...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Perishable products like dairy products, vegetables, fruits, pharmaceuticals, etc. lose their freshness over time and become completely obsolete after a certain period. Customers generally prefer the fresh aged ones, leading perishable to have decreasing demand function with respect age. We analyze inventory management pricing decisions for these considering a...