Motion planning for mechanisms with closed chains has received substantial interest in recent years. Most efforts focus on characterizing the geometry and topology of the closure set and on inverse kinematics. In this paper, we show that efficient sampling-based motion planning is possible without having either of these. In particular, we develop a variant of the RRT that uses a kd-tree to acti...

Two-photon imaging of fluorescence in brain enables analysis of the structure and dynamic activity of neurons and glial cells in living animals. However, vital functions such as beating of the heart cause pulsations in brain tissue, leading to image distortion and loss of resolution. We find that synchronizing imaging scans to the cardiac cycle reduces motion artifacts, significantly improving ...

Loud bangs, bright flashes, and intense shocks capture attention, but other changes--even those of similar magnitude--can go unnoticed. Demonstrations of change blindness have shown that observers fail to detect substantial alterations to a scene when distracted by an irrelevant flash, or when the alterations happen gradually [1-5]. Here, we show that objects changing in hue, luminance, size, o...

according to abū al-barakāt baghdādī, time and place are a priori conditions of motion; moreover, against the peripatetic philosophers, for whom time is the measure of motion, he holds that time is the measure of existence. nevertheless, he believes that we can define motion on the basis of our intuitive non-scientific concept of time and, by so doing, we can resolve the apparent circularity of...

background: mediodorsal (md) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (snr). in order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon md nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the prese...

Spatial reasoning is a diverse topic: what might different spatial tasks have in common? One task where substantial progress has been made is qualitative spatial reasoning about motion. Unlike qualitative dynamics, purely qualitative spatial representations have not proven fruitful. Instead, a diagrammatic representation appears to be necessary. This paper begins by outlining the Metric Diagram...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel self-administered questionnaire for assessing the patient's own range of motion (ROM) of the wrist and the elbow. METHODS In a prospective clinical study from January 2015 to June 2015, 101 consecutive patients were evaluated with a novel, self-administered, diagram-based, wrist motion assessment score (W-MAS) and elbow moti...

It has been shown that the perception of contrast-defined motion (i.e., a second-order stimulus) at high temporal frequencies cannot be explained solely by global distortion products (i.e., luminance artifacts due to preprocessing nonlinearities) processed by the first-order system. However, previous studies rejecting the first-order pathway hypothesis have assumed that the preprocessing nonlin...

The superior temporal sulcus (STS) in the human and monkey is sensitive to the motion of complex forms such as facial and bodily actions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore network-level explanations for how the form and motion information in dynamic facial expressions might be combined in the human STS. Ventral occipitotemporal areas selective for facial form were ...

We used six psychophysical tasks to measure sensitivity to different types of global motion in 45 healthy adults and in 57 stroke patients who had recovered from the initial results of the stroke, but a large subset of them had enduring deficits on selective visual motion perception tasks. The patients were divided into four groups on the basis of the location of their cortical lesion: occipito...