The present study examined psychiatric functioning, substance use and consequences, and motivation to change in people with schizophrenia and affective disorders and current or remitted cocaine dependence. Data were collected as part of a naturalistic, longitudinal study examining substance use, motivation to change, and the process of change in people with schizophrenia and affective disorders...

OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between parental substance use consequences and adolescent psychological problems by gender of the adolescent and gender of the parent. METHOD The data in this study were collected between 1989 and 1994 from 173 (116 proband and 57 control) families participating in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) project. All 173 ado...

OBJECTIVE Exposure to traumatic experiences, especially those occurring in childhood, has been linked to substance use disorders (SUDs), including abuse and dependence. SUDs are also highly comorbid with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other mood-related psychopathology. Most studies examining the relationship between PTSD and SUDs have examined veteran populations or patients in subst...

N Engl J Med 2003;349:975-86. Copyright © 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society. rug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior persists despite serious negative consequences. Addictive substances induce pleasant states (euphoria in the initiation phase) or relieve distress. Continued use induces adaptive changes in the central nervous syst...

AIMS Studies have shown association between common variants in the α6-β3 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster and nicotine dependence in European ancestry populations. We investigate whether this generalizes to African Americans, whether the association is specific to nicotine dependence and whether this region contains additional genetic contributors to nicotine dependence. DESIGN We exam...

Substance dependence or addiction is a complex environmental and genetic disorder that results in serious health and socio-economic consequences. Multiple substance dependence categories together, rather than any one individual addiction outcome, may explain the genetic variability of such disorder. In our study, we defined a composite substance dependence phenotype derived from six individual ...

OBJECTIVES Self-medication with painkillers is widespread and increasing, and evidence about influences on painkiller dependence is needed to inform efforts to prevent and treat problem painkiller use. DESIGN Online questionnaire survey. PARTICIPANTS People in the general population who had pain and used painkillers in the last month (N = 112). MEASUREMENTS Pain frequency and intensity, u...

Presumed distinctions between substance dependence and substance abuse have been at the heart of the development and utilization of substance-based diversion from criminal prosecution to treatment for the past several decades, including its use in drug courts. These distinctions have been promulgated by organized psychiatry since the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menta...

Enrolling pregnant substance-using women into chemical dependence treatment continues to present a major challenge for social services and health care professionals. Recruitment problems are exacerbated further when enrollment includes participation in a clinical trial. In 1989 Washington State embarked on a 6-year research and demonstration project funded through the National Institute on Drug...

BACKGROUND Several factors influence the beginning and maintenance of substance use. The purpose of this study was to examine as well as to compare 'self-regulation' in both substance dependent and non-substance dependent individuals. METHOD In a cross-sectional study 228 (118 substance dependent and 110 with no history of using substance) participants aged 16-55 were recruited. All of the pa...