The purpose of this chapter is to formulate a computational model that synthesizes two separate explanations for decision making deficits in substance abusers. One is based on poor planning caused by discounting of future consequences, and the other is based on poor learning caused by insensitivity to punishments or hypersensitivity to rewards. First we review empirical research on differences ...

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) abuse causes damage to structures within the human cerebrum, with particular susceptibility to white matter (WM). Abnormalities have been reported in anterior regions with less evidence of changes in posterior regions. Methamphetamine abusers have also shown deficits on attention tests that measure response conflict and cognitive control. METHODS We examined co...

introduction:amphetamines are central nervous system (cns) stimulant substances and amphetamine abuse is considered a growing problem in our country. previous studies revealed destructive effects of amphetamines on metabolism, perfusion and structure of brain. the aim of current study was evaluating regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf) disturbances in methamphetamine (ma) abusers using brain per...

Special patient populations with schizophrenia have received little attention. These populations include adolescents, the elderly, substance abusers, and patients who are considered treatment-resistant. Interest in these populations is rapidly growing, especially with regard to their treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. This article describes the treatment of special patient populat...

This study investigated the differences between the Standard and Short forms of MicroCog by comparing Domain scores for a clinical sample of 351 substance abusers which gave a significant difference between scores on the Spatial Processing Domain. Implications for research and clinical use are discussed.

Youth substance abuse relapse prevention was examined as a function of patients' situational self-efficacy (SE), their confidence to abstain from substance use in high-risk situations. An increase in SE has been shown to be enhanced by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in adults. Eighty-eight adolescent substance abusers were randomly assigned to either CBT or psycho-education (PET) group ther...

..................................................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 Past Typologies for Classifuing Substance Abusers ....................................1 Personality and Substance Use: Substance Use Risk Profile Scale ...............