A fundamental concern of a theory of statistical inference is how one should measure statistical evidence. Certainly the words "statistical evidence," or perhaps just "evidence," are much used in statistical contexts. It is fair to say, however, that the precise characterization of this concept is somewhat elusive. Our goal here is to provide a definition of how to measure statistical evidence ...

A signaling pathway transmits information from an upstream system to downstream systems, ideally in a unidirectional fashion. A key obstacle to unidirectional transmission is retroactivity, the additional reaction flux that affects a system once its species interact with those of downstream systems. This raises the fundamental question of whether signaling pathways have developed specialized ar...

This paper introduces the AHP, entropy value method, TOPSIS method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in analyzes advantages disadvantages of four from perspectives subjectivity objectivity, acceptance decision makers, difficulty evaluation. The depends on amount initial data, AHP research results are too subjective, conclusions do not fit reality, may have poor resolution. Finally, suggestions...

Simmel discovers the essential in unessential, and sets centre of our affairs on periphery normal life. Temporary gratification, an ubi consistam, can fact only be obtained ulteriority to which we are referred temporarily linger marginal experiences, eccentric, as yet not saturated possibilities that come meet us, a gift, or result activity entirely own – adventure, dreams, artworks. Simmel’s f...

Modularity plays a fundamental role in the prediction of the behavior of a system from the behavior of its components, guaranteeing that the properties of individual components do not change upon interconnection. Just as electrical, hydraulic, and other physical systems often do not display modularity, nor do many biochemical systems, and specifically, genetic networks. Here, we study the effec...