in contemporary texts of islamic logic, the “subject-obversion” has been introduced as a rule on basis of which one can replace the subject term of a categorical proposition with its complement and change both quality and quantity of the proposition. thus from an a-proposition such as “all a is b”, one can infer “some not-a is not b”. well, let’s take that a is included by b but not vice versa,...

Based on the distinction between living body and lived body, we describe the disease-subject as representing the impact of disease on the existential life-project of the subject. Traditionally, an individual's subjectivity experiences disorders of the body and describes ensuing pain, discomfort and unpleasantness. The idea of a disease-subject goes further, representing the lived body suffering...

acknowledge my Linguistics 4 classes for helping to trigger the original insight of this paper, the Department of Linguistics at Ohio State University for continuing to stimulate and encourage my thinking on this topic, and Grant Goodall and Maria Polinsky for helpful comments on and discussion of the paper itself. All remaining errors are my own. Please address all correspondence to <rkluender...

This article attempts to describe specific mental techniques that are related to resolving very complex tasks in software engineering. This subject may be familiar to some software specialists to different extents; however, there is currently no common consensus and popular terminology for this subject area. In this article, the area is charted from a practical usability perspective. This artic...

purpose: to determine the effect of induced myopia and hyperopia using soft contact lenses on optic disc parameters measured by fourier domain optical coherence tomography (fd-oct) in emmetropic persons. methods: in a quasi-experimental self controlled study, 57 normal emmetropic participants 18-42 years of age were studied. each subject underwent a complete ophthalmic examinations including me...

This paper addresses an innovative approach to computer assisted learning of foreign language terminology which involves supporting not only foreign language learning focused on specific terminology but also the enhancement of conceptual knowledge in the subject area. ITELS an intelligent tutoring system aimed at helping Bulgarians to learn English terminology in a particular subject area exemp...

Subject island effects are variable and unstable. Previous accounts, relying on well-defined structural properties of subjects, fail to capture this variability. We argue that subjects are islands only when they satisfy the Subject Criterion, which implies that at the interface they are interpreted outside the predicative nucleus of the clause, in a categorical structure (à la Ladusaw 1994); on...