licensed dairy farms in the central region of fars province were randomly selected in order to participate in aseasonal prevalence study. a cross-sectional study was designed to determine prevalence at cow and quarterlevel based on clinical signs for clinical mastitis and indirect tests for subclinical mastitis. 6180 quarters from1545 dairy cows were tested by clinical examination and californi...

This article describes three cases in which severe foot pathology was managed with surgery and the application of a wooden shoe. Although all horses would have fulfilled grounds for humane euthanasia, they were successfully had favourable outcome. supports current farriery concepts shows how shoe can effectively redistribute horse's weight on solar surface foot, alleviate pain, enhance biomecha...

1. Introduction The hoof wall represents the outer protective structure of the foot and has long been of interest in terms of its growth, structure, and functioning, especially during disease conditions such as laminitis. The incidence of problems related to the hoof wall has been estimated to be 30% or more [1,2]. Although causal factors of some hoof wall abnormalities are obvious, such as dir...

Equine laminitis is a crippling disease that affects all breeds of horses and is commonly a career-ending and often life-threatening disease. Treatment of laminitis continues to be a controversial topic in equine veterinary medicine because there is a lack of universally efficacious treatment modalities. We recently developed a practical method to efficiently deliver transgene-produced proteins...

Laminitis is a chronic, crippling disease triggered by the sudden influx of dietary starch. Starch reaches the hindgut resulting in enrichment of lactic acid bacteria, lactate accumulation, and acidification of the gut contents. Bacterial products enter the bloodstream and precipitate systemic inflammation. Hindgut lactate levels are normally low because specific bacterial groups convert lactat...