Conifers predominantly occur on soils or in climates that are suboptimal for plant growth. This is generally attributed to symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi and to conifer adaptations, but recent experiments suggest that aboveground endophytic bacteria in conifers fix nitrogen (N) and affect host shoot tissue growth. Because most bacteria cannot be grown in the laboratory very little is known ab...

The systematic application of the synthetic ecosystems approach to the design of multi-agent systems is supported by the use of a generic pheromone infrastructure as extension of the runtime environment of the software agents. Using this infrastructure, insect-like coordination mechanisms may be applied in software systems. This article proposes an analytic model for such a generic pheromone in...

The present article questions the relative importance of local- and large-scale processes on long-term dynamics fire in subalpine belt western Alps. study is based soil charcoal dating identification, several sites contrasting environmental conditions, sampling along elevation gradient each site. Based local differences biomass combustion, we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale have...

Abstract Key message Growth sensitivity to climate varies with soil moisture regime in spruce–fir forests central British Columbia. Stands growing at their dry edaphic limits displayed especially strong and unique climatic sensitivities. Soil is an important influence of productivity, process, structure forested ecosystems. In western North America, projected warming trends may result decreasin...

In 2021, two specimens of Atheta knabli, a rare beetle species known mostly from subalpine/alpine regions in Europe, were discovered with dung-baited traps lowland habitat Białowieża Forest, NE Poland. To our knowledge, this is the first record for Poland and confirmed habitat.

In this paper we analyze the size and habitat partitioning of the vascular floras of five areas of the NE Iberian Peninsula, representing five distinct vegetation belts and three floristic regions: Mediterranean (basal belt), medio-European (submontane and montane belts) and Boreo-Alpine (subalpine and alpine belts). Each area covered over 1000 ha, and was fairly uniform in terms of potential v...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...