The extensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture sectors is the main reason for development of resistance in fleas associated in domestic rodents. The present work was planned to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion against rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) infesting rodent species in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The lethal concent...

Cholinergic signaling is fundamental to neuromuscular function in most organisms. Sub-lethal doses of neurotoxic pesticides that target cholinergic signaling can alter the behavior of insects in subtle ways; their influence on non-target organisms may not be readily apparent in simple mortality studies. Beneficial arthropods such as honeybees perform sophisticated behavioral sequences during fo...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in both hospital and community settings, causing infections ranging from mild skin and wound infections to life-threatening systemic illness. Gene expression changes due to the stringent response have been studied in S. aureus using lethal concentrations of mupirocin, but no studies have investigated the effects of sub-lethal concentrations. S. aureus 8...

the pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. the present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to manganese (mn). spermatozoids were...

chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide, is widely used to control pests in agriculture farms and orchards of fruit trees. in this study, the fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos which were determined based on numerical value of 96 h lc 50 . blood was sampled after 10, 20 and 30 days and biochemical parameters including glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, tri...

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations sodium fluoride (NaF) on lifespan climbing ability Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L 0.8 NaF were selected as sublethal for study. Lifespan was measured activity assay p...

Six pregnant cows received, by injection into the rumen, 0.20 to 0.30 g urea/kg body-weight at 104 to 148 days of pregnancy, 0.35 g/kg at 124 to 169 days of pregnancy, 0.35 g/kg at 208 to 226 days of pregnancy and 0.30 g/kg at 256 to 273 days of pregnancy. The change in blood ammonia concentration was followed for approximately seven hours after dosing. Five cows survived until calving and gave...

Problem statement: Petroleum hydrocarbon and petroleum residue (i.e., spent oil) remains the foremost pollutants to the fish communities in various aquatic media-ponds, streams, rivers, creeks, coastal and marine environments through indiscriminate disposal of oil contaminated drilling muds, cutting and oil spillages. Approach: Also, the spent oil enters into aquatic media through run-off follo...