Theories of cognitive processes and risk behavior have not usually addressed spontaneous forms of cognition that may co-occur with, or possibly influence, behavior. This study evaluated whether measures of spontaneous cognition independently predict HIV risk behavior tendencies. Whereas a trait-centered theory suggests that spontaneous cognitions are a by-product of personality, a cognitive vie...

This study assesses the effects of maternal healthcare on child survival by using nonrandomized data from a cross-sectional survey in Azerbaijan. Using 2SLS and simultaneous equation bivariate probit models, we estimate the effects of delivering in healthcare facility on probability of child survival taking into account self-selection into the treatment. For women who delivered at healthcare fa...

Educators have been striving to achieve meaningful technology use in our K-12 classrooms for over 30 years. Yet, despite significant investments of time and money in infrastructure, training, and support “we have few assurances that [educators] are able to use technology for teaching and learning” (NEA, 2008, p. 1). In this article, we call for a shift in focus from technology integration (and ...

Visualization of the learning processes is a powerful way to help students to understand their curricula and the structure behind them. CME2 is a prototype software of this favourable concept, visualizing the learning process as a graph. With this tool students and teachers can easily handle and plan their personal curricula in larger scale and see the connections between different courses. The...

OBJECTIVE To study the temporal relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and onset of chronic disabling conditions in childhood. METHOD Using parent reported data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we compared children who developed a chronic disabling condition between the ages of 6/7 and 10/11 years with children without a chronic disabling condition at either age. L...

This paper presents the overview of traditional Chinese parsing task at SIGHAN Bake-offs 2012. On behalf of task organizers, we describe all aspects of the task for traditional Chinese parsing, i.e., task description, data preparation, performance metrics, and evaluation results. We summarize the performance results of all participant teams in this evaluation, in the hope to encourage more futu...