Traffic oscillation, stop and go traffic, is created by different reasons such as: sudden speed drop of leader vehicle. Stop and go traffic commonly is observed in congested freeways results in traffic oscillation. Many theories had been presented to define congestion traffic based on laws of physics such as: thermodynamics and fluid. But, these theories could not explain the complexity of driv...

Under the smart grid environments, Demand Response Resources (DRRs) as power system resources can effectively participate in and improve performance of electric systems. Congestion management is one of the technical challenges in which DRRs can play a significant role. Previously, congestion management is applied without considering the power system uncertainties. Therefore, a stochastic conges...

During the last years, the concept of input congestion and technical ineff-ciency in data envelopment analysis (DEA), have been investigated by manyresearchers. The motivation of this paper is to present models which obtain thedecreased output value due to input congestion and technical ineciency. More-over, we extend the models to estimate input congestion, technical ineciencyand output reduct...

Outranking relations such as produced by the Electre I or II or the Tactic methods are based on a concordance and non-discordance principle that leads to declaring that an alternative is “superior” to another, if the coalition of attributes supporting this proposition is “sufficiently important” (concordance condition) and if there is no attribute that “strongly rejects” it (non-discordance con...

We define the concept of partiality to cope with partial availability of arguments and results of program steps. To this end, relation algebras are investigated for which, in addition to the identity , a specific type of an ordering E ⊇ is given in order to model increasing degrees of availability. It turns out that functions regulating non-strict transfer of partialities in processes are latti...

If science fiction is a genre, then attempts to think about the nature of science fiction will be affected by one’s understanding of what genres are. I shall examine two approaches to genre, one (genres as regions of conceptual space) dominant but inadequate, the other (genres as historical particulars) better, but only occasionally making itself seen. I shall then discuss several important, in...

It is shown that for 2 ≤ t ≤ n− 3, a strict t-SB(n, n− 1) design does not exist, but for n ≥ 3, a non-strict 2-SB(n, n−1) design exists. The concept of large sets for Steiner triple systems is extended to SB designs and examples of a large sets for SB designs are given.

It is shown that all extensions of S5 modal logic, both in the standard formalization and in the formalization with strict implication, as well as all varieties of monadic algebras have unitary unification.