Background. Acupuncture-like TENS (AL-TENS) is a treatment modality that can be used to temporarily reduce pain. However, there is no clear data in the literature regarding the specific duration of analgesia induced by AL-TENS. Objectives. To describe and quantify the duration and magnitude of AL-TENS analgesia on experimental heat pain in healthy subjects and verify if the duration or magnitud...

In a new mouse model for generalized pain syndrome, including fibromyalgia, which used intermittent cold stress (ICS), bilateral allodynia in the hindpaw was observed that lasted more than 12 days; thermal hyperalgesia lasted 15 days. During constant cold stress (CCS), mice showed only a transient allodynia. A female prevalence in ICS-induced allodynia was observed in gonadectomized but not in ...

Background/Aims This study was aimed at evaluating differences in the effects of repeated water avoidance stress (rWAS) on colonic movement, mucosal mast cell counts, cytokine levels, and visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) in rats of both sexes. Methods Wistar rats were divided into stress and no-stress groups. Rats in the stress group were exposed to rWAS (1 hr/day) f...

objective: to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine on pain induced by subcutaneous iniection of formalin in the left ear of rabbit and the effect of the amine on morphine analgesia and naloxone hyperalgesia. design: experimental study. animals: sixty - six male new zealand white rabbits weighing 2.640.16kg. procedure: intracerebroventricular injections of the...

BACKGROUND There is an unmet clinical need to develop a pharmacological therapy to counter opioid-induced respiratory depression without interfering with analgesia or behavior. Several studies have demonstrated that 5-HT1A receptor agonists alleviate opioid-induced respiratory depression in rodent models. However, there are conflicting reports regarding their effects on analgesia due in part to...

conclusions intrathecal midazolam 2 mg provides significantly longer and effective postoperative analgesia with no side effects. results postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in the midazolam group compared to the control group (201.5 minutes vs. 357.6 minutes). the mean onset times of the sensory and motor blocks were significantly faster (p < 0.01) in the midazolam group compared t...

there is some evidence supporting the reduced activity of integrins following chronic administration of morphine. this reduction might play a role in morphine tolerance development. manganese binds to the extracellular domain of integrins and makes them to be activated. the effect of integrins activation using manganese on tolerance development to the analgesic effect of morphine was investigat...

Hydrocodone is primarily metabolized to hydromorphone and norhydrocodone. Although hydromorphone is a known active metabolite of hydrocodone, the in vivo activity of norhydrocodone is not well documented. In the current study, the pharmacodynamics of norhydrocodone were evaluated and compared with hydrocodone and hydromorphone. Binding studies established that norhydrocodone, similar to hydroco...

There is some evidence supporting the reduced activity of integrins following chronic administration of morphine. This reduction might play a role in morphine tolerance development. Manganese binds to the extracellular domain of integrins and makes them to be activated. The effect of integrins activation using manganese on tolerance development to the analgesic effect of morphine was investi...

BACKGROUND Local anesthetics offer the benefits of extended analgesia with greater patient satisfaction and faster rehabilitation compared with intravenous morphine. These benefits, however, can be offset by adverse iatrogenic muscle pain. Here, the authors investigate the mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity and assess the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine. METHODS The auth...