A cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, 3'-daidzein hydroxylase, CYP105D7 (3'-DH), responsible for daidzein hydroxylation at the 3'-position, was recently reported. CYP105D7 (3'-DH) is a class I type of CYP that requires electrons provided through electron transfer proteins such as ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase. Presently, we constructed an artificial CYP in order to develop a reaction host for t...

Avermectin and its analogues are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis and are widely used in the field of animal health, agriculture, and human health. Here we have adopted a practical approach to successfully improve avermectin production in an industrial overproducer. Transcriptional levels of the wild-type strain and industrial overproducer in production cultures were monito...

One hundred and seventy-one genes encoding potential esterases from 11 bacterial genomes were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli; 74 of the clones produced soluble proteins. All 74 soluble proteins were purified and screened for esterase activity; 36 proteins showed carboxyl esterase activity on short-chain esters, 17 demonstrated arylesterase activity, while 38 proteins did not exhib...

Studies underestimate the microbial diversity and genotypic traits in the snails' microbiome. Caracolus marginella, a land snail native to Caribbean islands, can adapt to different environments. Our research focused on the generation of a metagenomic library from C. marginella gut, to further explore the diversity and functional traits. Thirty specimens of C. marginella were collected from the ...

Bacteriophage modulation of microbial populations impacts critical processes in ocean, soil, and animal ecosystems. However, the role of bacteriophages with RNA genomes (RNA bacteriophages) in these processes is poorly understood, in part because of the limited number of known RNA bacteriophage species. Here, we identify partial genome sequences of 122 RNA bacteriophage phylotypes that are high...

The role of a tetR transcriptional regulatory gene (SAV7471) in avermectin production in the Gram-positive soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis was investigated by gene deletion, complementation, and overexpression experiments. Gene deletion of the SAV7471 open reading frame resulted in avermectin overproduction. The deletion also resulted in overexpression of SAV7472-SAV7473 transcripts, wh...

α-L-rhamnosidases hydrolyze α-linked L-rhamnosides from oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. We determined the crystal structure of the glycoside hydrolase family 78 Streptomyces avermitilis α-L-rhamnosidase (SaRha78A) in its free and L-rhamnose complexed forms, which revealed the presence of six domains N, D, E, F, A, and C. In the ligand complex, L-rhamnose was bound in the proposed active si...