The excitation of internal gravity waves by fluid intrusions that propagate along the interface between a uniform upper layer and a uniformly stratified lower layer is examined by way of laboratory experiments. Intrusions are generated using a simple lock-release apparatus. Experiments are conducted in which the density gradient of the uniformly stratified layer, the density jump across the int...

We consider double-diffusive convection between two parallel plates and compute bounds on the flux of the unstably stratified species using the background method. The bound on the heat flux for Rayleigh–Bénard convection also serves as a bound on the double-diffusive problem (with the thermal Rayleigh number equal to that of the unstably stratified component). In order to incorporate a dependen...

This study presents a method to measure the void fraction in presence of stratified three-phase flow with an opaque fluid like foam. The commonly used resistive probes, which were successfully applied for air-water flows, fail detecting liquid/foam interface due variable conductivity To overcome this problem, new optical was developed. A probe consisting steel rod covered red vinyl plastic blac...