Stoichiometric nutrient ratios are the consequence of myriad interacting processes, both biotic and abiotic. Theoretical explanations for autotroph stoichiometry have focused on species' nutrient requirements but have not addressed the role of nutrient availability in determining autotroph stoichiometry. Remineralization of organic N and P supplies a significant fraction of inorganic N and P to...

congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. two categories of congenital ventricular diverticulum have been identified with regard to their localization: apical and non-apical. apical diverticula are always associated with midline thoraco-abdominal defects and other heart malformations. non-apical diverticula are always isolated defects. diagnosis is established by ...

1. Ecological stoichiometry is a conceptual framework that considers how the balance of energy and elements affects and is affected by organisms in the environment. This perspective has seen recent development primarily in marine and freshwater pelagic ecosystems but its widescale application to freshwater benthic ecosystems remains limited. 2. This paper briefly introduces the concept of ecolo...

The elemental composition of phytoplankton (C:N:P stoichiometry) is a critical factor regulating nutrient cycling, primary production and energy transfer through planktonic food webs. Our understanding of the multiple direct and indirect mechanisms through which temperature controls phytoplankton stoichiometry is however incomplete, increasing uncertainty in the impacts of global warming on the...

Nutrient enrichment of detritus-based streams increases detrital resource quality for consumers and stimulates breakdown rates of particulate organic carbon (C). The relative importance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) vs. phosphorus (P) for detrital quality and their effects on microbial- vs. detritivore-mediated detrital breakdown are poorly understood. We tested effects of experimental N ...

Synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are regulated by a family of auxiliary subunits known as transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). TARPs control the trafficking and gating of AMPARs. However, the number of TARP molecules that assemble within individual AMPAR channels is unknown. Here, we covalently link AMPARs to TARPs to investigate the properties of TARP/AMPAR complexes with k...

The H+:Na+ exchange stoichiometry of NhaA, a sodium-proton antiporter coded by the nhaA gene of Escherichia coli, has been determined using purified NhaA protein reconstituted into sodium-loaded proteoliposomes. One approach involved measuring, in parallel experiments, the Na+ efflux and H+ influx from such proteoliposomes and calculating the stoichiometry from the ratio of these fluxes. A seco...

Mixtures of yttrium acetate hydrate (Y(O2CCH3)3?4H2O) and aluminum formate hydrate (Al(O2CH)3?3H2O in H2O) or yttrium isobutyrate (Y[O2CCH(CH3)2]3) and aluminum isobutyrate (Al[O2CCH(CH3)2]3) in tetrahydrofuran were used as precursors to process yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Al5Y3O12) fibers. The pyrolytic decomposition patterns of Al(O2CH)3?3H2O, Y(O2CCH3)3?4H2O, and a [3Y(O2CCH3)3?4H2O/5Al(O2...

fixed myocardial defects in both stress and rest images, could be artifactual as a result of soft tissue attenuation. to increase specificity and identify the false positive results, we used gated technique to evaluate the wall motion and wall thickening as an index to differentiate real ischemic lesions from artifactual defects. 93 patients were studied. in 46 patients (48.8%) fixed perfusion ...