The importance of microscopic morphological control to metal electroand electroless deposition in several emerging technologies is discussed. The use of in situ optical probes of the morphological development of deposits is described. A number of these are reviewed to describe both the potential of each method and the available literature on studies of electroand electroless deposition. Include...

The following paper summarises a number of international research projects being undertaken to understand the mechanical properties of natural cellulose fibres and composite materials. In particular the use of novel techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron x-ray and half-fringe photoelastic methods of measuring the physical and micromechanical properties of cellulose fibres is report...

We present a novel technique, intrinsic Raman spectroscopy (IRS), to correct turbidity-induced Raman spectral distortions, resulting in the intrinsic Raman spectrum that would be observed in the absence of scattering and absorption. We develop an expression relating the observed and intrinsic Raman spectra through diffuse reflectance using the photon migration depiction of light transport. Nume...

Performing label free coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in endoscope imaging is a challenge, with huge potential clinical benefit. To date, this goal has remained inaccessible because of the inherent coherent Raman noise that is generated in the fiber itself. By developing double-clad hollow core photonic crystal fiber, we demonstrate coherent an...

We review surface-enhanced linear and nonlinear Raman scattering experiments on molecules and single wall carbon nanotubes attached to colloidal silver and gold clusters. Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced anti-Stokes Raman scattering from pumped vibrational levels are studied as twophoton excited Raman processes where the scattering signal depends quadratically on the...

We report the first observation of Raman optical activity (ROA) by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Thanks to the more freedom of polarization configurations in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering than in spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, the contrast ratio of the chiral signal to the achiral background has been improved markedly. For (-)-β-pinene, it is 2 orders of magnitude better than ...

We found conditions for excitation of bright-bright 2pi solitons in stimulated Raman scattering that involves nutation of population at Raman quantum levels, for two (laser-Stokes) and three (e.g., laser-Stokes-anti-Stokes) components. The soliton components at all participating frequencies are bright solitons of the same, Lorentzian, shape, in contrast to the well-known bright-dark soliton com...