BACKGROUND/AIM Nipple discharge syndrome is a clinical entity capable of presenting various disorders such is mammary infection (nonpuerperal and puerperal mastitis), intraductal papillomas, fibrodenoma, breast cancer and hyperprolactinemia syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine differences in cytological features of mammary secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia and those with ...

The objective of research was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of serum follicle stimulating hormone and testis size in predicting spermatogenesis in infertile men with azoospermia. In a prospective study, azoospermic men were studied. Serum follicle stimulating hormone measurement and scrotal sac ultrasonography were performed. Bilateral testis biopsy was...

Objective: The copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene resides on chromosome 21 and is over expressed in Down syndrome patients. Reactive oxygen species can initiate lipid peroxidation and DNA damage leading to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and cell death, if the antioxidant system is impaired. Down syndrome is associated with various forms of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism being the most comm...

The glycoprotein hormones of the anterior pituitary and of the placenta are made up of a and p subunits, one of which, the a, is common to each hormone. Thcy therefore share some similar physicochemical and immunological properties, and the complete purification of follicle-stimulating hormone, for instance, has proved difficult. Many preparations which have appeared to be pure by one criterion...

Unrecognized congenital hypothyroidism leads to mental retardation. Newborn screening and thyroid therapy started within 2 weeks of age can normalize cognitive development. The primary thyroid-stimulating hormone screening has become standard in many parts of the world. However, newborn thyroid screening is not yet universal in some countries. Initial dosage of 10 to 15 microg/kg levothyroxine ...

Luteinizing hormone containing 8.9 NIH-LH-Sl units per mg was isolated from human pituitary glands by isoelectric focusing in a sucrose gradient containing carrier ampholytes. Approximately 88% of the starting units was recovered, suggesting no apparent loss or inactivation of the hormone activity during isolation procedures. The luteinizing hormone showed a single protein band in acrylamide di...