The chain graph sandwich problem asks: Given a vertex set V , a mandatory edge set E1, and a larger edge set E2, is there a graph G= (V ,E) such that E1 ⊆ E ⊆ E2 with G being a chain graph (i.e., a 2K2-free bipartite graph)? We prove that the chain graph sandwich problem is NP-complete. This result stands in contrast to (1) the case where E1 is a connected graph, which has a linear-time solutio...

Physarum polycephalum hemagglutinin I (HA1) is a 104-residue protein that is secreted to extracellular space. The crystal structure of HA1 has a β-sandwich fold found among lectin structures, such as legume lectins and galectins. Interestingly, the β-sandwich of HA1 lacks a jelly roll motif and is essentially composed of two simple up-and-down β-sheets. This up-and-down β-sheet motif is well co...

Fiber composite material panels and sandwich panels possess both a high resistance to weight ratio and a high stiffness to weight ratio. Due to these features, fiber composite panels are used widely in aeronautic and marine structures, where the improvement of the structural performance while keeping a low weight is crucial. Sandwich structures, consisting of a foam core enclosed by two externa...

The short-range structure of the 2+1 flavour QCD vacuum is studied through visualisations of the topological charge density. Of particular interest is a new Gaussian weighted smearing algorithm which is applied to the rough topological charge density to disclose underlying long range structure. The results provide support for the view of the QCD vacuum as a sandwich of sign-alternating sheets o...

Sandwich structures made of glass-reinforced composite facesheet (FS) and honeycomb core are using in many load-carrying applications. This study aims to reduce the dependency on synthetic materials FS sandwich structure. Recently, there has been rapid growth research innovation hybrid achieve comparable performance cost, weight, environmental impact. In present research, mechanical properties ...

The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of fabrication methods on the com-pressive properties of sandwich composites using both experimental work and numerical simulations. Two types of sandwich composites with E-glass/Kevlar/polyester resin facings and End-grain balsa wood as core have been produced by vacuum infusion processing (VIP) and hand-lay up (HL) method. Compression tests on...

This study is limited to study of buckling analysis of a sandwich cylindrical shell with functionally graded face sheets and homogenous core. High-order sandwich plate theory is improved by considering the in-plane stresses of the core that usually are ignored in the analysis of sandwich structures. Assume that all properties of the face sheets and the core are temperature dependent. Strain com...

Reaction between Schiff-base ligand and half-sandwich complex M(Pc)(acac) led to the isolation of new sandwich-type mixed (phthalocyaninato)(Schiff-base) di-lanthanide compounds M2(Pc)2(L)H2O (M = Dy, Gd) (1, 2) [H2Pc = metal free phthalocyanine, Hacac = acetylacetone, H2L = N,N'-bis(3-methyloxysalicylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine] with the triple-decker molecular structure clearly revealed by sing...

This article provides a fully analytical approach for nonlinear equilibrium path of rectangular sandwich plates. The core of structure is made of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite and the outer surfaces are piezoelectric actuators which perfectly bonded to inner core. The structure is subjected to electro-thermo-mechanical loads simultaneously. One side of plate is rested on Pasternak typ...