the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between marital stress and depressive symptoms among women with coronary heart disease (chd) and healthytial statistics including means, standard deviations, analysis of variance, pearson' s correlation coefficient, and regression analyses. the results revealed that marital stress was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in...

Interval analysis, when applied to the so called problem of experimental data fitting, appears to be still in its infancy. Sometimes, partly because of the unrivaled reliability of interval methods, we do not obtain any results at all. Worse yet, if this happens, then we are left in the state of complete ignorance concerning the unknown parameters of interest. This is in sharp contrast with wid...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) fail to provide standard deviations (SDs) of their continuous outcome measures. Some meta-analysts substitute them by those reported in other studies, either from another meta-analysis or from other studies in the same meta-analysis. But the validity of such practices has never been empirically examined. METHODS We ...

Next, draw attention to the colour of the card faces. The black squares are summed, as are the red squares, and the red sum, representing deficits, is subtracted from the black one. "In this way," you brazenly announce, " A random number has been arrived at. You got twenty-two?" Have that page of the spectator's copy of Peter Winkler's Mathematical Mind-Benders (A.K. Peters, 2007) opened. Ask h...

Although the standard deviation is the most widely used measure of the precision of quantitative methods, there is a need to re-examine the conditions necessary to obtain a meaningful estimate of this quantity. The importance of the material to be sampled, the sample size, the calculation of confidence intervals, and the segregation of outliers are discussed.

The covariance matrix plays an important role in statistical inference, yet modeling a covariance matrix is often a difficult task in practice due to its dimensionality and the non-negative definite constraint. In order to model a covariance matrix effectively, it is typically broken down into components based on modeling considerations or mathematical convenience. Decompositions that have rece...

Reference ranges of standard experimental parameters are useful for comparisons in toxicology. The aim of this study was to collect data from 13-week repeated toxicity studies in Crl:CD (SD) rats, a strain widely used for toxicity and efficacy research, for establishing domestic reference values. Data on body weight, food consumption; urinalysis, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters;...

Seasonal pollen allergies affect approximately 1 in 5 school age children. Clinical research has established that these allergies result in large and consistent decrements in cognitive functioning, problem solving ability and speed, focus and energy. However, compared to air pollution, the impact of pollen and seasonal allergies on achievement in schools has received less attention from economi...