the aim of this study is comparison of soil characteristics and biodiversity in plantation of bald cypress and caucasian alder forest stands in kludeh region (mazandaran province). in order to study biodiversity in forest stands and control region, 10 sample plots (releve) were selected and the name and abundance of plant species of the forest floor were recorded. biodiversity of herbal plants ...

Cold rolling process is a complicated process which can be optimized by changing in variables and settings. This paper presents a set-up optimization system developed to calculate reductions and inter-stand tensions for each stand of a five stand tandem cold mill. The main objective in this optimization is minimization of power consumption. First, by using the analytical method, the equations ...

Successful tree regeneration requires both successful seedling establishment and subsequent survival and growth suf®cient to ensure recruitment. We examined patterns of initial seedling establishment in randomly selected stands of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) distributed across northern Wisconsin and eastern Upper Michigan. In 1990, we counted all hemlock seedlings (de®ned as 4±29 cm tall...

Damage to residual stand is unavoidable and it is one of the main important issues in the forest harvesting. Trees damage may occur in felling and skidding work phase or during skid trail construction. In any case, damage can be very serious to residual stand. Detailed study is necessary to find out the amount and severity of damage to trees; therefore district 14 of Kilesara in Guilan Province...

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of density-dependent height relationships in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) populations. After assessing and ruling out the presence of consequential spatial correlation effects, the analysis consisted of analyzing the relationship between mean dominant height and initial planting de...

Trees bearing novel or exotic gene components are poised to contribute to the bioeconomy for a variety of purposes such as bioenergy production, phytoremediation, and carbon sequestration within the forestry sector, but sustainable release of trees with novel traits in large-scale plantations requires the quantification of risks posed to native tree populations. Over the last century, exotic hy...

Dry eucalypt forests are believed to be highly fire tolerant, but their response to fire is not well quantified. We measured the effect of high-severity fires in dry eucalypt forest in the Tasmanian Midlands, the driest region on the island. We compared stand structures and fuel loads in long-unburnt (>15 years since fire) and recently burnt (<5 years since fire) sites that had been completely ...