The desire for energy independence presupposes the use of various types elements generation from renewable sources, stand-alone operation which storage devices are required. A power complex created in this way must perform a number tasks that formed by management system. control system performs these and ensures proper static dynamic characteristics with many inputs outputs. results recent worl...

Stand-alone modeling and distributed modeling show considerable differences in methodology and amount of modeling effort needed. An approach is discussed to design and develop distributed models with the ease of stand-alone modeling and without the overhead usually associated with distributed modeling. The main objective is to obtain interchangeability of a stand-alone model and its distributed...

The main focus of this study is to design a novel stand alone PV-wind hybrid energy system for remote locations where grid extension is not feasible or is expensive. The hybrid PV-wind stand alone energy system shows higher reliability compared to wind or PV stand alone systems as wind and solar technologies complement each other. A Matlab/Simulink model of an integrated stand alone PV-wind hyb...

Developing software for stand-alone environments requires the availability of an interactive test support at an early stage of work. But rough conditions close to hardware force the test support to be content with minimal assistance by infrastructure. Sash (stand-alone shell) is the test support for developing the CHEOPS-Kernel and is presented in this paper. Sash is based on a yacc-grammar and...

Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Purpose: To assess the ability of a stand-alone lumbar interspinous implant (interspinous/interlaminar lumbar instrumented fu sion, ILIF) associated with bone grafting to promote posterior spine fusion in degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) with vertebral instability. Overview of Literature: A few studies, using bilateral laminotomy (BL) or bilateral deco...

We are concerned with the design of programming languages that support the paradigm of component-oriented programming. Languages based on the accepted idea of combining modular and objectoriented concepts fail to provide adequate support. We argue that messages should be separated from methods to address this shortcoming. We introduce the concept of stand-alone messages, give examples for its u...

This paper proposes a decentralized stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system, which presents a set of advantages when compared to conventional stand-alone PV system. In the proposed system, the generated energy by the PV arrays is processed by multi-string MPPT step-up converters, which assure a maximum utilization of this energy. The storage system is designed in a decentralized configuration, ena...

In this paper wind and solar based stand-alone hybrid energy system is presented for the remote area power system applications. The wind, solar, battery, fuel cell and dump load (i.e., aqua-electrolyzer) are connected to the common dc bus. An ac load is connected to dc bus through a pulse width modulation (PWM) based inverter. Ac voltage at load bus can be maintained at rated value by regulatin...

Developing software for stand-alone environments requires the availability of an interactive test support at a very early stage of work. But the rough conditions at bare hardware forces the test support to have to be content with only a minimal assistance by its environment. This of course limits its functionality. Nevertheless, primitive command line-oriented interaction with the developer sho...