● ● The analysis identifies a small group of young people described here as ‘prolific offenders’, who accounted for a disproportionate number of offences, including serious offences. This group should be a key target for policy intervention on youth crime. Youth crime policy needs to engage with this group at an early stage as the analysis shows that this group starts to offend earlier compared...

This paper introduces and describes a qualitative approach to the modeling of shapes applicable at the early stage of designing. The approach is based on using qualitative codes at landmarks to describe shapes. These strings of codes can be analysed to determine patterns which map onto features. An analogy with language is drawn to assist in articulating the modeling ideas. An example is presen...

It is incumbent on nanomedicine researchers to understand how to develop their ideas into commercial drugs; success to date has not been as good as funders would have liked. This article attempts to outline, perhaps for the first time, some of the expertise that the pharmaceutical sector has acquired to facilitate translation. It is hoped this explanation will start to improve the planning requ...

Background At the early stage of the HIV epidemic in Russia pregnant women who planned having a baby underwent a single HIV testing. Following the sharp increase of the HIV+ number in 2001-2002 (including women) with the aim of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission risk the Ministry of Health and Social Development recommended providing 2-fold HIV testing for pregnant women during the early...

The present study investigated the selection for action hypothesis, according to which a subject's action intention to perform a movement influences the way in which visual information is being processed. Subjects were instructed in separate blocks either to grasp or to point to a three-dimensional target-object and event-related potentials were recorded relative to stimulus onset. It was found...

To cope with the continuously incoming stream of input, the visual system has to group information across space and time. Usually, spatial and temporal grouping are investigated separately. However, recent findings revealed that these two grouping mechanisms strongly interact and should therefore be studied together rather than in isolation. Here, we show that spatio-temporal grouping is very s...