In this paper, model based control of solidification is studied. A one-dimensional model that describes the dynamic response of the solidification rate for a pure substance is developed. The solidification of a metal column is controlled in order to solidify at a desired rate. The manipulated variable is the power to the heater at the top of the casting. A linear PI-controller is implemented an...

background: the occurrence of heavy metals in the environment is of important concern due to their toxicity and health effects on humans, including cancer. because metals have been extensively used for centuries in commerce, environmental contamination is widespread; moreover, exposure to metals and metal compounds continues to be a significant public health problem. electroplating sludge conta...

The Directional Solidification is a very important technique for growing high quality multi-crystalline silicon at large scale for PV solar cells. The physics governing the growth of multi-crystalline silicon in the Directional Solidification System involves complex non-linear transport phenomena including but not limited to heat transfer, solidification, thermal stress development, and the for...

In this paper, a complete three-dimensional numerical model of mold filling and solidification of steel ingots is presented. The risk of powder entrapment and defects formation during filling is analyzed in detail, demonstrating the importance of using a comprehensive geometry, with trumpet and runner, compared to conventional simplified models. By using a case study, it was shown that the simp...

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and electric dust (EAFD) are the waste materials from steel production by EAF route which implies remelting of iron scrap in furnaces (EAF). In recent years, special attention is paid on valorisation EAFS EAFD since disposing both may cause negative impacts environment. this paper, methods that use to process have been reviewed, their advantages disadvantages al...

Rapid advances in atomistic and phase-field modeling techniques as well as new experiments have led to major progress in solidification science during the first years of this century. Here we review the most important findings in this technologically important area that impact our quantitative understanding of: (i) key anisotropic properties of the solid–liquid interface that govern solidificat...

New processes have been developed in the last years to produce near net shape steel products by continuous casting. This work deals with the analysis of the effects of liquid core reduction during the solidification in the microstructure of thin slabs obtained by continuous cast process. An equipment able to simulate the liquid core reduction during the solidification was projected and construc...

The effect of the curing in a carbonated ambient of the solids obtained after the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of metallurgical waste using geopolymerization technology is described in this paper. The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust used to stabilize contains hazardous metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr or Zn. Different geopolymeric agents as potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate, metakaolin and...