BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to determine the length of operative time and its effect on surgeon productivity with the use of intraoperative digital specimen mammography (IDSM) compared to standard specimen mammography (SSM). METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 344 consecutive patients from a single breast surgeon from 2003 to 2010. Operative time was compared betwe...

For large-scale multimedia distributions, multicast is the preferred method of communication. ASM (Any Source Multicast) and SSM (SourceSpecific Multicast) are the two types of multicast used. ASM is designed for either many-to-many or one-to-many communication. SSM is derived from ASM. SSM is used when only one session member is allowed to send data. An example use of SSM could be an IPTV broa...

IP multicast is advantageous for high quality streaming applications and future needs in the Internet. However, it is generally recognized that IP multicast requires significant routing coordination and configuration, and hence its routing protocols are non-scalable. Recently, Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) has been standardized and proposed as the deployable IP multicast communication archite...

This paper describes the application of Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampling (RBGS) to speech recognition using switching linear dynamical systems (SLDSs) as the acoustic model. The SLDS is a hybrid of standard hidden Markov models (HMMs) and linear dynamical systems. It is an extension of the stochastic segment model (SSM) where segments are assumed independent. SLDSs explicitly take into account ...

In this paper we present a system for segmenting medical images using statistical shape models (SSM’s) which is landmark free, fully 3D, and accurate. To overcome the limitations associated with previous 3D landmark-based SSM’s, our system creates a levelset-based SSM which uses the minimum distance from each voxel in the image to the object’s surface to define a shape. Subsequently, an advance...

The Sun encompasses planet Earth, supplies the heat that warms it, and even shakes it. The United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumed that solar influence on Earth’s climate is limited to changes in solar irradiance and adopted the consensus opinion of a hydrogen-filled Sun—the Standard Solar Model (SSM). They did not consider the alternative solar model and instea...

Spatially selective modulation (SSM) is a physical layer security technique that uses multiple transmitting antennas and single receiving antenna. SSM allows only the legitimate receiver to receive desired modulated signal correctly because of location dependence multipath channel. Previous studies have been statistically conducted using Rayleigh fading Here, we evaluated secret transmission pe...

polar sea ice concentration (SIC) playing important roles in the global climatic and environmental studies. To evaluate the passive microwave SIC we observed sea ice with the 6 m-resolution, Electro-Optical Camera (EOC) sensor onboard KOMPSAT-1 satellite. A total of 72 cloud-free EOC images, 18 km x 18 km each, of arctic sea ice edges were obtained from July to August and 68 images across the a...

OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors for lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) compared with superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). DESIGN Population-based case-control study in Queensland, Australia. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Population-based sample of 49 patients with LMM and 141 with SSM (in situ or invasive) aged 14 to 86 years at diagnosis in 1979 and 1980 and 232 control subj...

many mathematical models have been applied and developed for simulation of water and solute transport in irrigated agriculture. using a model, it should be first calibrated and validated for different regions. swap is a field scale model that simulates water, solute and heat movement in the soil profile. in this study, the swap model was evaluated for two years (2001 and 2002) on wheat in a sem...