The CYGNO project aims at the development of a high precision optical readout gaseous Tima Projection Chamber (TPC) for directional dark matter (DM) searches, to be hosted Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). employs He:CF4 gas mixture atmospheric pressure with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based amplification structure coupled an comprised sCMOS cameras and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)....

The DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cerenkov light) is a new type of ring imaging Cerenkov detector, which detects images from Cerenkov light produced in precisely machined quartz bars. The Cerenkov images are transported along several meters of bar to the edge of the detector where they are proximity focussed unto an array of conventional photomultiplier tubes. Results from a prototype...

We report on the development of a compact commercial instrument for measuring carotenoids in skin tissue. The instrument uses two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for dual-wavelength excitation and four photomultiplier tubes for multichannel detection. Bandpass filters are used to select the excitation detection wavelengths. The f1.3 optical system has high optical throughput and single photon sens...

We are developing a Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography detector using flat panel micro-channel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP PMT). The high-speed waveform sampling data acquisition is adopted to exploit the fast time response of MCP PMT efficiently by using transmission-line readout scheme. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed detector, prototype detector modules were buil...

The HiRes experiment studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) using the air fluorescence technique. The experiment uses large mirrors that collect the fluorescence light and focus it onto arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The PMTs measure the intensity and time of arrival of the collected light. Our primary system for in situ calibration of the PMTs uses a high stability ( 1%) portab...

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) achieves fast imaging by simultaneously scanning multiple foci across different regions of specimen. The use of imaging detectors in MMM, such as CCD or CMOS, results in degradation of image signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) due to the scattering of emitted photons. SNR can be partly recovered using multianode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMT). In this design, howe...

The design and testing of a new, fully automated, calibration approach is described. The process was used to calibrate an image-guided diffuse optical spectroscopy system with 16 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), but can be extended to any large array of optical detectors and associated imaging geometry. The design goals were accomplished by developing a routine for robust automated calibration of ...

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a novel generation of photon detectors designed as an array of independently operated Geiger-mode APDs (pixels) with common output. SiPM provides proportional detection of low-level light pulses starting from single photons with remarkable photon number and time resolution at room temperature. Now they are worldwide recognized to be competitive with vacuum p...

34 LLE Review, Volume 85 Introduction Currently, visible photon counting is commonplace for advanced optical imaging and spectroscopy. Several types of devices, including photomultiplier tubes,1 quantum semiconductor avalanche photodiodes,2 and superconducting tunnel junctions,3 have been successfully implemented. In general, such detectors work by a cascade mechanism: an incident single photon...

The construction and use of a dual radiator Ring Imaging Čerenkov (RICH) detector is described. This instrument was developed for the HERMES experiment at DESY which emphasises measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. It provides particle identification for pions, kaons, and protons in the momentum range from 2 to 15 GeV, which is essential to these studies. The instrument uses...