This study arose as a result of two squash players, one male one female, seeking advice on how to improve their mental approach to playing. They both felt that their game suffered badly through too much anxiety. After preliminary interviews it was decided to use a programme of stress inoculation training to help them learn to control their anxiety. In order to obtain baseline measures of anxiet...

Arguments on a popular microblogging site were analysed by means of a methodological approach to business rhetoric focusing on the logos communication technique. The focus of the analysis was the 100 day countdown to the 2011 Rugby World Cup as advanced by the organisers. Big sporting events provide an attractive medium for sport event marketers in that they have become important strategic comm...

In the current competitive world, organizations can reach competitive advantage which support entrepreneurship by providing the required tools. One of the most important tools for developing entrepreneurship which was neglected in previous studies is organizational knowledge management. The present paper aims to shed light on the role and importance of knowledge management in sport entreprene...

18 Abstract In recent years, fundraising has been a major challenge for nonprofit organizations (NPOs) due to lack of support from state and federal governments, the recent economic downturn, and fierce competition among increasing numbers of charities. To overcome this challenging environment, NPOs have attempted to reach prospective donors and contributors by developing broad and diverse fund...

The cultural and philosophical heritage of modernism underpinning general marketing management theory imparts profound implications for organisations operating in professional sport. This theoretical paper uses the context of China’s professional football industry to argue that marketing may benefit from a more postmodern approach to marketing management. INTRODUCTION The aim of this theoretica...

Background. Today, Building strong brands, Because of the extraordinary advantages that it creates, have been the marketing priorities of many organizations. Strong brands for a company, Creates an identity in the market. Objectives. This study aimed at Prioritizing factors affecting brand equity of popular football clubs in Iran. Methods. The design of the study was descriptive with practica...

any company or organization, whether large or small, needs marketing plan for the achievement of its marketing and corporate objectives, an output of which is marketing strategies. the correct implementation of marketing strategies is the final stage of the planning process and an assurance of its marketing success. findings of marketing researches reveal that companies applying marketing strat...

UNLABELLED Hamstring strain injuries remain a challenge for both athletes and clinicians, given their high incidence rate, slow healing, and persistent symptoms. Moreover, nearly one third of these injuries recur within the first year following a return to sport, with subsequent injuries often being more severe than the original. This high reinjury rate suggests that commonly utilized rehabilit...

those managers who are pioneers in city development arena follow major strategies that can receive international attention, so they focus their attention to major sporting events. this study evaluated tehran as a metropolis that has plans for strategic development from the perspective of hosting major sporting events. in this qualitative exploratory study, data were collected with a checklist a...