introduction: stimulation of peptidergic fibers activates microglia in the dorsal horn. microglia activation causes fractalkine (fkn) release, a neuron-glia signal, which enhances pain. the transient vanilloid receptor 1 (trpv1) mediates the release of neuropeptides, which can subsequently activate glia. trpv1 and trpv2 are generally expressed on c and aδ fibers, respectively. expression of bot...

objective the associations between imperforate anus and spinal and vertebral abnormalities and neurologic deficits are well recognized; these neurologic deficits have been considered static rather than progressive. however, recent experience indicates that some patients may develop progressive neurologic problems due to spinal cord lesions that are amenable to neurosurgical correction. material...

introduction: hearing loss after surgery is reported rarely. its prevalence rate is different and reported to be between 3-92%. hearing loss is often subclinical and not diagnosed without audiometry. the aim of this study was to determine rate of hearing changes after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia. methods: in this descriptive study, forty male patients...

aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug, peroxyl radical scavenger, and antioxidant agent that inhibits phospholipases, nitric oxide synthetases, and cyclooxygenase enzymes. the existing literature contains no studies on the effects of various doses of aspirin on spinal cord injury (sci). therefore, we sought to investigate the putative effects of aspirin on experimental sci. the weight-drop injur...

conclusions available data implies that restorative therapies should focus on multiple targets and different intervals after injury. yet, if we understand the key and basic origin of the injury, we may develop effective, complete, safe, and continual procedures. materials and methods we downloaded and reviewed more than 170 full textbooks and articles in english from the literature pubmed, and ...

objectives this study aimed to examine the relationship between patients’ anthropometric characteristics and depth of spinal needle insertion to the subarachnoid cavity. patients and methods 385 patients with asa class i – ii, aged 18 - 65 years and undergoing elective surgery of the lower abdomen and extremities under spinal anesthesia, were selected for this cross-sectional study. the patient...

Background. Spinal Cord Infarction (SCI) is a rare and disabling disease. This hospital-based study was conducted for clinical evaluation of SCI patients in east of Iran. Methods. Consecutive SCI patients admitted in Ghaem hospital,Mashhad during 2006-2010 were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. Diagnosis of SCI was made by neurologists and radiologists. Demographic features, clinical sy...