Polyurethane (PU) is a unique polymer that has versatile processing methods and mechanical properties upon the inclusion of selected additives. In this study, freestanding bio-based polyurethane film screen-printed electrode (SPE) was prepared by solution casting technique, using acetone as solvent. It one-pot synthesis between major reactants, namely, palm kernel oil-based polyol 4,4-methylene...

SPE is an environment for developing object-oriented software. It allows a programmer to construct multiple visual and textual views of a program, each of which can be edited. All views are kept consistent through an underlying change propagation mechanism. Using this mechanism, together with tools which permit simple flow between phases, SPE encourages an evolutionary approach to object-orient...

We propose a novel reconfigurable time domain spectral phase encoding (SPE) scheme for coherent optical code-division-multiple-access application. In the proposed scheme, the ultra-short optical pulse is stretched by dispersive device and the SPE is done in time domain using high speed phase modulator. The time domain SPE scheme is robust to wavelength drift of the light source and is very flex...

The incorporation of performance analysis in the early stages of software development has proven to be an elusive goal. Since the appearance of Connie Smith’s seminal work on Software Performance Engineering (SPE) in 1990 [13], numerous approaches to and methodologies for linking design and performance analysis have been studied and developed, as can be seen in [16], [17], and [1]. Yet through ...

SPE is a software development environment which supports multiple textual and graphical views of a program. Views are kept consistent with one another using a mechanism of update records. SPE is useful throughout all phases of the software development life-cycle. It provides support for conceptual level object-oriented analysis and design using diagrams, visual and textual programming, hypertex...

An exact nonsingular solitary wave solution of the Schäfer–Wayne short pulse equation is derived from the breather solution of the sine-Gordon equation by means of a transformation between these two integrable equations. The short pulse equation (SPE), which has the form uxt = u+ 1 6 ( u ) xx (1) up to scale transformations of its variables, was derived by Schäfer and Wayne [1] as a model equat...

Background: Radiation in space poses a threat to humans embarked on missions to the Moon or Mars. Several studies deal with allowable doses, levels of radiation doses in space, and effects of various forms of shielding. The recent shift in emphasis from "point estimates" to 95% confidence intervals adds significantly to the challenge in designing human space missions. Recent reports issued by N...

In this study, two analytical methods were evaluated to determine haloacetic acids (HAAs) in drinking water samples. Direct aqueous injection (DAI) and solid phase extraction (SPE) determination was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) column. Limits of quantification (LOQ) between 10 500 µg L-1 DAI and, considering 125-fo...

Most software performance problems are due to fundamental architecture or design problems. Thus they are introduced early in development, but are typically not discovered until late, when they are more difficult and costly to fix. Software Performance Engineering (SPE) is a systematic, quantitative approach for cost-effectively building performance into software systems. It consists of a proces...

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an effective tool for the preconcentration of trace elements and their separation from various sample constituents. Octadecyl and other alkyl-bonded silica gels are most widely used for these purposes. The fundamentals of the SPE of inorganic ions are reviewed and compared with those of related techniques (liquid-liquid extraction and reversed-phase liquid chroma...