We investigate the electrodynamics of an outer gap in the meridional plane of the aligned-rotator. The charge depletion from the Goldreich-Julian charge density causes a large electric field along the magnetic field line. The electrons or the positrons are accelerated by the field-aligned electric field and radiate the γ-rays tangentially to the local magnetic field line. Some of such γ-rays co...

The broadband microstrip antenna is realized by fabricating the slot cut patch on lower dielectric constant thicker substrate in conjunction with the proximity feeding technique. In this paper, broadband proximity fed pair of rectangular slot cut microstrip antenna in 1000 MHz frequency band is proposed. The analysis to study the effects of slot on the broadband response is presented. The pair ...

The O(3) nonlinear σ model is studied in the disordered phase, using the techniques of the effective action and finite temperature field theory. The nonlinear constraint is implemented through a Lagrange multiplier. The finite temperature effective potential for this multiplier is calculated at one loop. The existence of a nontrivial minimum for this potential is the signal of a disordered phas...

Using 15 LES cycles of a high load / low speed spark ignition engine operating point, two different fresh gases autoignition regimes called knock and super-knock are analyzed. A direct “a posteriori” analysis of pressure waves and autoignition heat release observed in LES is proposed. It reveals that low to moderate knock intensity, corresponding to late spark timings (ST) is characterized by o...

The width △L of the first Bragg’s scattering peak in the (111) direction of a face-centered-cubic lattice of air spheres can be well approximated by a simple formula which only involves the volume averaged ε and ε over the lattice unit cell, ε being the (position dependent) dielectric constant of the medium, and the effective dielectric constant εeff in the long-wavelength limit approximated by...

Let z 7→ A(z) be a regular function defined on a connected set whose values are mutually commuting essentially Kato operators. Then the spaces R∞(A(z)) and N∞(A(z)) are constant. This generalizes results of Aupetit and Zemánek. Denote by B(X) the set of all bounded linear operators on a complex Banach space X. For T ∈ B(X) denote by N(T ) the null space and by R(T ) the range of T , respectivel...

A model-based approach is applied to robustly control torque generation in four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engines. Discrete event engine model (DEM) is adopted to describe the torque generation process consisting of discrete combustion strokes. Disturbance observer (DOB) is utilized to achieve robust stability and performance of the torque generation process. For a single-input, single-output ...

We study a model of a covalent band insulator with on-site Coulomb repulsion at half filling using dynamical mean-field theory. Upon increasing the interaction strength the system undergoes a discontinuous transition from a correlated band insulator to a Mott insulator with hysteretic behavior at low temperatures. Increasing the temperature in the band insulator close to the insulator-insulator...

The gap metric is a successful metric in control theory, which can measure the uncertainty and describe the performance specifcations of the robust control system. In the framework of this metric, robust stability radius is proposed to characterize the stability robustness of the closed-loop system. When both the plant and the controller have uncertainties simultaneously, we introduce the struc...

Reactions induced by the pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) system in aqueous solutions were studied. PAED was generated by a spark gap type power supply (0.5 kJ/pulse) with rod-to-rod type electrodes in water. The measurements of physical parameters showed that the discharge is characterized by a sudden drop of the voltage while a peak of current occurs. The pressure waveform is comp...