Simultaneous high-speed in-cylinder measurements of laser-induced fluorescence of biacetyl as a fuel tracer and mid-infrared broadband absorption of fuel and combustion products (water and carbon dioxide) using a spark plug probe are compared in an optical engine. The study addresses uncertainties and the applicability of absorption measurements at a location slightly offset to the spark plug w...

An automated spark test system based on combining field emission and spark measurements, exploiting a discharging capacitor is investigated. In particular, the remaining charge on the capacitor is analytically solved assuming the field emitted current to follow the Fowler Nordheim expression. The latter allows for field emission measurements from pA to A currents, and spark detection by complet...

The characteristics of using a laser-induced spark as a monopole source in scale model measurements were assessed by comparison with an electric spark and a miniature spherical loudspeaker. Room impulse responses of first order directivity sources were synthesized off-line using six spatially distributed sparks. The source steering direction was scanned across the horizontal and vertical plane ...

in this paper, we propose to optimize manufacturing methods of memory cells by produced silicon nanoparticles via electrical spark discharge of silicon electrodes in water to reduce the energy consumption for low power applications. the pulsed spark discharge with the peak current of 60 a and a duration of a single discharge pulse of 60 µs was used in our experiment. the structure, morphology, ...

A new radial focusing device is described that condenses an incident laser beam to an extremely intense and uniformly illuminated focal spot. The focal region is useful for many applications. When used with a 10.6-microm CO(2) TEA laser source, a disk-shaped air-breakdown spark results, and the properties of this spark have been investigated.

an effect differing absolutely from the effects of ordinary destructive fulguration, Doyen's electrocoagulation or the diathermy fulguration electrode. All are produced by high frequency currents, but the former requires a unipolar high tension current and a long spark, while the others are produced by low tension currents, generally bi-polar, and with the spark eliminated or very short; the la...

SPARK 2014 is a subset of the Ada 2012 programming language that is supported by the GNAT compilation toolchain and multiple open source static analysis and verification tools. These tools can be used to verify that a SPARK 2014 program does not raise language-defined run-time exceptions and that it complies with formal specifications expressed as subprogram contracts. The results of analyses a...

Spark, a subset of Ada for engineering safety and security-critical systems, is one of the best commercially available frameworks for formal-methodssupported development of critical software. Spark is designed for verification and includes a software contract language for specifying functional properties of procedures. Even though Spark and its static analysis components are beneficial and easy...

Interesting, “new”, very high peak-power pulsed radio frequency (RF) antennas have been assembled at the HIPAS Observatory (Alaska, USA) and also at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA, USA); namely, a pair of quarter wavelength (λ/4) long cylindrical conductors separated by a high voltage spark gap. Such a combination can radiate multi-megawatt RF pulses whenever the spark gap fi...

Cheng, Xiaoyang, and Jonathan H. Jaggar. Genetic ablation of caveolin-1 modifies Ca spark coupling in murine arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H2309–H2319, 2006. First published January 20, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01226.2005.—Ltype, voltage-dependent calcium (Ca ) channels, ryanodine-sensitive Ca release (RyR) channels, and large-conductance Ca activated pota...