Endothelial cells lining the walls of blood vessels are exposed simultaneously to wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential stress (CS) that can be characterized by the temporal phase angle between WSS and CS (stress phase angle - SPA). Regions of the circulation with highly asynchronous hemodynamics (SPA close to -180°) such as coronary arteries are associated with the development of patholo...

Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), acting as a B cell superantigen, binds to the Fab region of human VH3+ Igs. Using SpA abrogated of its IgG Fc binding activity (Mod SpA) as a model B cell superantigen, we determined whether such an interaction causes complement activation. Addition of Mod SpA to human serum led to complement consumption and the generation of C3a. To determine whether this comple...

OBJECTIVE To clarify endoscopic anatomy of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) in relation to intranasal endoscopic landmarks using a human cadaver model and to simplify the surgical approach to SPA ligation. STUDY DESIGN Prospective anatomic study from November to December 2009. SETTING University of Tennessee Health Science Center Gross Anatomy Lab. SUBJECTS Fifty human cadaveric sagittally...

Collective motions of animals that move towards the same direction is a conspicuous feature in nature. Such groups of animals are called a self-propelled agent (SPA) systems. Many studies have been focused on the synchronization of isolated SPA systems. In real scenarios, different SPA systems are coupled with each other forming a network of SPA systems. For example, a flock of birds and a scho...

Protein A (SpA) is a component of the cell wall of Slop,lylococcus aureers. SpA is unique in that it combines with the Fc portion of immunolgobulins from many speciesi,2) and has been used in immunochemical studies3,`>. Another distinctive f ature of SpA is its potent mitogenic activity on lymphocytes from several species, including hurnans5,iO}. SpA also exerts a mitogenic activity on both T a...

COP1 (for CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1) and the four partially redundant SPA (for SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA) proteins work in concert to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting key transcription factors and phytochrome A for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Here, we report a detailed biochemical characterization of the SPA-COP1 complexes. The four endogenous SPA proteins...

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of social physique anxiety (SPA). SPA, self-esteem, body-esteem, public body consciousness (PBC) and percent body fat (%BF) were assessed with elite female youth athletes (N = 68) competing in either figure skating, soccer or gymnastics. Stepwise multiple regression analyses, controlling for BF%, accounted for 59% of the variance in SPA. Self-...

High-frequency electric currents were intro-· cluced into medical practice at the close of the last century. The practical irnplications of highfrequency currents were soon noted with the observation that frequencies of more than 10,000 per second produced heat without nrnscular contraction. This fact led to the development of electrocoagulation as a substitute for actual coagulation of blood v...