abstract introduction: scaling and root planing is one of the most commonly used procedures during periodontal treatments. removal of calculus using conventional hand instruments is incomplete and rather time consuming. to find more efficient and less difficult instrumentation method, investigators have proposed lasers as an alternative or adjunct to hand instruments for scaling and root planin...

A physically realistic roughness closure method for the simulation of turbulent open-channel flow over natural beds within the framework of large-eddy simulation LES is proposed. The description of bed roughness in LES is accomplished through a roughness geometry function together with forcing terms in the momentum equations. The major benefit of this method is that the roughness is generated f...

A set of modified roughness parameters (N%‐Rpv's) is introduced based upon the separate distribution of peaks and valleys. These new measures of surface roughness are utilized to quantitatively evaluate the as‐rolled and deformation‐induced surface roughness of Al sheets. N%‐Rpv is defined as the difference between the average heights of the upper N% of peaks and the lower N% of valleys. As N d...

the influence of surface roughness magnitude and direction on dry static friction coefficient between two similar steel samples has been studied through an experiment. a testing apparatus has been designed and fabricated to measure the friction coefficient for a few forms of surface asperity. according to the results of the experiments, dry friction coefficient is affected by both magnitude and...

Different construction materials with different roughness used to make circular weirs highly affect surface roughness and, in turn, flow hydraulics passing over these structures.  In the present research, numerous experiments under different hydraulic conditions were performed on a physical model to study the effects of roughness on flow hydraulics over a circular weir. The flow hydraulics incl...

An on-line monitoring and prediction of surface roughness in grinding is introduced with experimental verification. An adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to monitor and identify the surface roughness online. The system uses a piezoelectric accelerometer to generate a signal related to grinding features and surface finish. The power spectral density (PSD) of this signal is used...

Increased surface roughness and wear of resin cements may cause failure of indirect restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the surface roughness change and the vertical wear of four resin cements subjected to mechanical toothbrushing abrasion. Ten rectangular specimens (15 × 5 × 4 mm) were fabricated according to manufacturer instructions for each group (n = 10): Nex...

This paper investigates the effects of roughness and cavitations in microchannels on the electro-osmotic flow behaviors using the Lattice Poisson–Boltzmann methods which combined one lattice evolution method for solving the non-linear Poisson–Boltzmann equation for electric potential distribution with the other lattice evolution method for solving the Navier–Stokes equations for fluid flow. The...

The effect of atomic-scale roughness on adhesion between carbon-based materials is examined by both simulations and experimental techniques. Nanoscale asperities composed of either diamond-like carbon or ultrananocrystalline diamond are brought into contact and then separated from diamond surfaces using both molecular dynamics simulations and in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM)-based...