The main goal of a data collection protocol for sensor networks is to keep the network’s database updated while saving the nodes’ energy as much as possible. To achieve this goal without continuous reporting, data suppression is a key strategy. The basic idea behind data suppression schemes is to send data to the base station only when the nodes’ readings are different from what both nodes and ...

This paper describes a new method for determining range information about a robot's surroundings using low resolution ultrasonic sensors. These sensors emit ultra-sound which bounces o of nearby objects and returns to the sensor. The time-ofight for the sound to return to the sensor is the distance between the sensor and the object. A sonar arc represents the possible locations of the object. W...

Inspired by the human cochlea, we propose a directional sound sensor using resonator array to overcome limitations of existing microphones. The proposed consists multiple cantilevers that respond different resonance frequencies and separately acquire signals then combine them for sensing. directionality is bipolar (figure-of-8) because signal proportional input sound’s pressure gradient generat...

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technolog...

Public space utilization is crucial for urban developers to understand how efficient a place is being occupied in order to improve existing or future infrastructures. In a smart cities approach, implementing public space monitoring with Internetof-Things (IoT) sensors appear to be a viable solution. However, choice of sensors often is a challenging problem and often linked with scalability, cov...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a number of sensor nodes, which are able to collect information from the environment by measuring diverse environment variables, like temperature, humidity, sound etc. Sometimes the sensor nodes (SN) are expected to be deployed in unattended environments for long durations; the major challenge is tapping on ambient energy to power such networks. This p...

A large number of small tiny device called sensor nodes are use to develop wireless sensor network that can be effectively used as a tool for monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure and motion at different locations. There are two major issues, one is energy-efficient routing protocol and other is overall lifetime of the sensor network. This...