OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between a niche and abnormal uterine bleeding, and to develop a sonographic classification of niches and evaluate its relationship to abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS An observational prospective cohort study was performed between October 2007 and May 2009. All women who had a Cesarean section performed in our hospital were asked to participate. Two hu...

Uterine malformations form a non-homogenous group of pathologies with a variable impact on reproduction, often not strictly related to the apparent seriousness of pathology. It concerns about 1-5% of women. Among the many tecniques, invasive and not, useful to diagnosis, many authors believe that laparoscopy associated with hysteroscopy allows diagnosis in all cases. Many references confirm thi...

PURPOSE Intrauterine lesions (IULs) are a common finding in women of reproductive age, particularly infertile women. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a popular tool for IUL detection, but there are conflicting data with respect to its accuracy. METHODS Five hundred and six women were enrolled into the study. Of these, 496 underwent hysterosalpingography and subsequent TVS six different times ...

BACKGROUND To evaluate if the addition of lidocaine to the gel used for gel infusion sonohysterography (GIS) reduces pain experienced during GIS or subsequent hysteroscopy. METHODS A total of 142 consecutive patients were randomized using computer-generated random integers. In 79 patients, GIS was performed with a gel containing lidocaine (Instillagel®) and in 63 patients the gel did not cont...

The endometrium demonstrates a wide spectrum of normal and pathologic appearances throughout menarche as well as during the prepubertal and postmenopausal years and the first trimester of pregnancy. Disease entities include hydrocolpos, hydrometrocolpos, and ovarian cysts in pediatric patients; gestational trophoblastic disease during pregnancy; endometritis and retained products of conception ...