Extraction of acetic acid from an aqueous solution was carried out in a laboratory scale sonicator using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The results were compared with and without the effect of sonication. A significant separation of acetic acid was found as a result of sonication. The effect of mixing time, feed composition, and solvent to feed ratio was investigated. The effect of time required f...

Water-insoluble (particulate) β-glucan was isolated from the cell walls of spent brewer’s yeast using a single-step alkaline treatment. To stabilize β-glucan water suspensions, sonication was successfully applied. Th ree diff erent drying methods were used: air-drying, lyophilization and spray-drying. Air-drying and lyophilization caused β-glucan particles agglomeration and changes of their mic...

High intensity ultrasonic irradiation (sonication) of alkane slurries of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7−x leads to a significant modification of the grain morphology and, if performed with enforced oxygen flow, results in the increase of the superconducting transition temperature. Sonication with added Fe(CO)5 produces magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) granu...

High intensity ultrasound has been applied to two classes of step-growth polymerisation. The ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic lactones to polyesters was accelerated under 20 kHz ultrasound but, in the case of delta-valerolactone, sonication also promoted a depolymerisation reaction so that the molecular weight fell during later stages of the reaction. Sonication was also applied to the pre...

Exfoliated 2H molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has unique properties and potential applications in a wide range of fields, but corresponding studies have been hampered by the lack of effective routes to it in bulk quantities. This study presents a rapid and efficient route to obtain exfoliated 2H MoS2, which combines fast sonication-assisted lithium intercalation and infrared (IR) laser-induced phas...

Photosynthesis, Fluorescence Lifetimes, Aging, Sonicated Chloroplasts The lifetime of fluorescence from pea chloroplasts at room temperature increases with age. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities of the slow to fast decay components, decreases with age of the chloroplasts. This observation can account for the wide range of lifetimes reported in the literature. The variability of biologic...

γ-Alumina nano particle catalyzed multi component reaction of benzil, arylaldehyde and aryl amines afforded the highly substituted 1,2,4,5-tetraaryl imidazoles with good to excellent yield in less reaction time under the sonication as well as the conventional methods. Convenient operational simplicity, mild conditions and the reusability of catalyst were the other advantages of this developed p...

Results of three semi-continuous anaerobic tests were reported and discussed. Each test was carried out by two parallel anaerobic reactors fed with waste activated sludge, either as it was sampled from the sewage treatment plant of Rome North or previously disintegrated by ultra-sound treatment. Activated sludge was sonicated at the energy input of 5,000 or 2,500 kJ kg(-1) dry solids correspond...