BACKGROUND The history of epilepsy and its treatments dates back to at least 4 millennia. Avicenna, c. 980 AD in Bukhara, Khorasan-1037 in Hamedan was a Persian-speaking Iranian physician, who has many recommendations and suggested various therapies for epilepsy in his book, The Canon of Medicine. METHODS We first reviewed the most important ancient treatments for epilepsy mentioned by Avicen...

Diagrams have many practical applications and are used in numerous settings. Indeed, it is widely recognized that diagrams are a valuable aid to intuition and help to convey ideas and information in a clear way. Traditionally, however, logicians have viewed diagrams as informal tools and, thus, could not be a part of any formal argument; only symbolic logics were seen to fulfil this role. Recen...

One of the controversial topics in cancer research and its clinical approach is the influence of biopsy on the possibility of tumor spread and metastasis that seems to be a new issue in medical knowledge (1-2), but Avicenna in more than a thousand years ago (980–1037 AD) in his book (Cannon of medicine) has been connoting on this subject (3). According to the Avicenna opinion, cancer is describ...

the main purpose in this essay is investigation avicenna`s ethical philosophy with explain the nature of social and how to build social ethics. the method of this study is content analysis of avicenna’s ethical works. in this research analyze ethical works of avicenna and it is suggested that avicenna’s view on philosophy of ethics be called moderate relativism/realism. the results indicate tha...

The great man was born in August, 980, Christian Era (CE)/Safar 370 after Hijra (AH) in Asfahan near Bukhara, Uzbekistan. He died in 1037 CE/428 AH in Hamadan, Iran. His early education was religious, and by the age of ten he had learned the holy Qur’an by heart. By age fourteen, he had surpassed all his mentors in school. By age 18, with his extraordinary intellect and memory, he had learned a...

Abstract The use of the symbol $\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$ for disjunction in formal logic is ubiquitous. Where did it come from? paper details evolution its historical and logical context. Some sources say that as connecting propositions or formulas was introduced by Peano; others suggest originated an abbreviation Latin word “or,” vel . We show origin can be traced to Whitehead Russell’s...