BACKGROUND/AIMS Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. During treatment, a slow dialysate flow rate can be applied to enhance diffusive solute removal. However, due to the lack of the rationale of the dialysate flow configuration (countercurrent or concurrent to blood flow), in clinical practice, the connection settings...

Strongly sorbing chemicals (e.g., heavy metals, radionuclides, pharmaceuticals, and explosives) in porous media are associated predominantly with the solid phase, which is commonly assumed to be stationary. However, recent fieldand laboratory-scale observations have shown that in the presence of mobile colloidal particles (e.g., microbes, humic substances, clays, and metal oxides), colloids can...

The present work solves two-dimensional Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) in a semi-infinite domain. A variable source concentration is regarded as the monotonic decreasing function at the source boundary (x=0). Depth-dependent variables are considered to incorporate real life situations in this modeling study, with zero flux condition assumed to occur at the exit boundary of the domain, i.e....

During recent years studies with isolated plasma membranes in general and transport experiments with plasma-membrane vesicles in particular (Kinne, 1976) have provided important information on the transport systems and the driving forces involved in the solute transport of the renal proximal tubule. The results of these studies are compiled in Fig. 1. In principle two driving forces can be dist...

framework. In Eulerian approaches, measurements of a quantity, say the solute concentration, are taken at In this paper, we present a solute flux approach for analyzing solute fixed locations by preinstalled samplers. At any time transport statistics in statistically nonstationary, unsaturated flow. Flow nonstationarity in the vadose zone may arise from a number of the concentration field is ch...

There are several methods to model the process of water and solute transport during peritoneal dialysis (PD). The characteristics of the phenomena and the purpose of modelling influence the choice of methodology. Among others, the phenomenological models are commonly used in clinical and laboratory research. In peritoneal dialysis, the compartmental approach is widely used (membrane model, thre...

Nanofiltration performance as a function of feed temperature is relevant to several industrial settings including pretreatment for scale control in thermal desalination. Understanding of solute transport as a function of temperature is critical for effective membrane and system design. In this study, nanofiltration is modeled at 22, 40 and 50C using the Donnan Steric Pore Model with dielectric ...

The purpose of this letter is to revisit the nonlinear reaction-diusion modelin porous catalysts when reaction term is fractional function of the concen-tration distribution of the reactant. This model, which originates also in uidand solute transport in soft tissues and microvessels, has been recently givenanalytical solution in terms of Taylors series for dierent family of reactionterms. We a...

Using noninvasive imaging techniques, we compared phloem unloading of the membrane-impermeant, fluorescent solute carboxyfluorescein (CF) with that of potato virus X expressing the gene for the green fluorescent protein. Although systemic virus transport took considerably longer to occur than did CF transport, unloading of both solute and virus occurred predominantly from the class III vein net...

Amino acid uptake by Rhizobium leguminosarum is dominated by two ABC transporters, the general amino acid permease (Aap) and the branched-chain amino acid permease (Bra(Rl)). Characterization of the solute specificity of Bra(Rl) shows it to be the second general amino acid permease of R. leguminosarum. Although Bra(Rl) has high sequence identity to members of the family of hydrophobic amino aci...