The microstructures, the chemical composition and the soluble organic matrices of the aragonitic crossed lamellar layers of the shells of six species of molluscs have been studied. The microstructures and chemical contents are similar, whereas the quantities of organic matrices are variable. All the soluble matrices are glycoproteins, with low S contents. Their molecular weights, the protein-su...

In this study, two genotypes from the white clover breeding line ‘Syrian selection’, which demonstrates improved survival in summer drought, and two from the white clover cultivar ‘Grasslands Kopu’, a more drought-sensitive cultivar, are compared in terms of their responses to a water deficit. Plants of each genotype were grown in a temperature-controlled glasshouse and a water deficit imposed ...

Two-stage dilute acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis is an effective method for obtaining high sugar yields from wood residues such as softwood forest thinnings. In the first-stage hydrolysis step, most of the hemicellulose is solubilized using relatively mild conditions. The soluble hemicellulosic sugars are recovered from the hydrolysate slurry by washing with water. ...

Bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis of biomass contains sugars originating from cellulose. Traditional quantification of sugars in bio-oil is accomplished by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) via derivatization, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion-exchange chromatography (IC), or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodologies. These techniques are highly specific for ...

The taste organ in insects is a hair-shaped taste sensory unit having four functionally differentiated contact chemoreceptor cells. In the blowfly, Phormia regina, cGMP has been suggested to be a second messenger for the sugar receptor cell. Generally, cGMP is produced by membranous or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which can be activated by nitric oxide (NO). In the present paper, we electrop...

Seasonal dynamics of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) in relation to the leaf-fruit ratio were measured over five years at different grapevine phenological stages in oneand two-year-old canes, trunks and roots of the cultivar 'Chasselas' (Vitis vinifera L.). Carbohydrates were mainly stored as starch in different parts of the grapevine during the growing season. Soluble carbohydrates re...

The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied using a two-factor randomized block design. At 8 16 days, degree reduction grafted was lower than those self-rooted pear, although height leaf number pears remarkably reduced stress. Compared with considerably decreased malondialdehyde content leaves but substanti...

to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (sa) on salinity tolerance of two sugar beet cultivars, this experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing seasons of 2012 and 2013 in research farm of shahid chamran university. the studied factors were three levels of sa (0 mm, 0.5 mm and 1 mm), two levels of salinity (...

Abstract Jams are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar. Due to this, health concerns consumers have resulted in a sugar reduction, and its replacement using alternative sweeteners introducing new ingredients enhancing nutritional properties. In this study, four types jams (plum, strawberry, apple, peach), with or without sugar, were prepared two microalgae biomass, Arthro...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics, chemical composition and protein fractions of sugar beet pulp produced in iran and comparing them with the tabular values of cornell net carbohydrate and protein system. a total of 39 samples of 13 different sugar factories were sampled from iran-wide. particle size distributions of samples were determined using the penn state ...