There are obvious differences between men and women, differences which are taken into consideration when training athletes. Numerous texts discuss the genderspecific requirements of the female athlete, from coaching styles1 and training methods1, to dealing with social pressures2 and the impact of factors that selectively affect the female athlete3,4. On this basis, when it comes to athletic en...

Polyembryonic parasitoids clonally produce sterile soldier larvae in both sexes. Female soldier larvae of Copidosoma floridanum defend their siblings and host resources against heterospecific competitors as well as conspecific male embryos that results in female biased sex ratios. However, the male soldiers of the USA strain exhibit no aggressive behaviors against them, suspected to be a second...

As low cost commercial video game sensors emerge, realistic full body interactions available in the household can also be utilized to support low cost dismounted Soldier training applications. These sensors, such as the Microsoft Kinect, are designed to work with users directly facing them. However, in an environment designed to train a team, larger spaces are necessary along with the freedom t...

This paper explores the commemoration of the Roman soldier both in peacetime and in war. Hundreds of tombstones and funerary monuments record the life and death of Roman military personnel, but the vast majority of these monuments appear to commemorate soldiers who died in camp rather than on the battlefield. How were the victims of warfare disposed of and in what ways were the graves marked an...

I am grateful to Major-General J. Huston, Q.H.S., F.R.C.S., Director of Surgery, for his advice and encouragement and to Captain G. Tate, R.A.M.C., and Mr. A. E. Pridham, for their help. REFERENCES FINNEY, J. M. J., & HANRAHAN, E. M. (1930). Ann. Surg., 92, 620. GOLlGHER, J. C., MOIR, P. J. & WRIGLEY, J. H. (1956). Lancet, 1, 220. McDoNALD, O. G., GILLESPIE, M. G. & LA BREE, R. H. (1953). A.M.A...

Stress fractures of the lower extremity are common fatigue injuries among individuals who participate in high load-bearing activities such as running in athletes and military exercises in soldiers, therefore require practitioner expertise in diagnosis and treatment [1-4]. The most common stress fractures occur in lower extremities; about 50% are localized in tibia, but also tarsal navicular, me...

This paper describes the findings associated with the ability of an individual to perform the United States Army's Common Soldier Tasks of: "Maintaining an M16-Series Rifle" , "Protect Yourself from Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Injury or Contamination with Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Gear", and "Protect Yourself from Chemical and Biological (CB) Contamin...

BACKGROUND It is widely known that more boys are born during and immediately after wars, but there has not been any ultimate (evolutionary) explanation for this 'returning soldier effect'. Here, I suggest that the higher sex ratios during and immediately after wars might be a byproduct of the fact that taller soldiers are more likely to survive battle and that taller parents are more likely to ...

Serious gaming is developing among all modern armies for teaching and training as well as for developing new concepts of engagement. To reach a realistic level of simulation, online planning techniques provide an expressive and constructive approach to define basic tactical activities. To achieve a mission goal, a virtual soldier must follow a short-term plan that can be quickly reprocessed in ...

and sewage is to be properly removed. Most soldiers have been brought up in an environment where these standards are the rule. The degree to which such standards can suddenly be furnished and maintained within large hurriedly constructed Army camps in wartime, and provided for the soldier in the field, and for the soldier in combat, was the monumental task described in this volume. It is a reco...