Alkali ratios and cooking time of the alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (AQ) and methanol (ASAM) pulping process of bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) were studied. Bamboo chips were cooked at three different levels of sodium hydroxide and cooking time, namely 14, 16, or 18% for 60, 90, or 120 minutes. Pulping parameters that remained constant were the use of 0.5% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid...

Bubble columns are effective means of filtration in filtered containment venting systems. Here, the surface tension has a significant influence on bubble size distribution and bubble deformation, which have a strong impact on the behavior of the bubble column. The influence of aqueous inorganic compounds on the surface tension depends on the electrolytic activity, Debye length, entropy of ion h...

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a promising molecule for various medical applications (e.g., treatment of inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases). In this study a complete production process for human-identical α-(2,8)-linked polySia was developed using a disposable bioreactor for cultivation of Escherichia coli K1 and single-use membrane adsorbers for downstream processing (DSP). The cultivation...

Five different bacterial extracellular polymer extraction methods and a combination of two of these methods were compared on cultures of activated sludge, synthetic activated sludge, and Klebsiella aerogenes. High-speed centrifugation was the most effective extraction method for the K. aerogenes culture, based on the comparatively small amount of cell disruption and the relatively high extracel...

A brightness of 76% (initially 57%) was reached with a charge of 4.5% hydrogen peroxide based on thermomechanical pulp in 10 min with microwave heating, compared to 45 min with water-bath heating. The maximum brightness attained with water-bath heating (78%) was nearly one point higher than that obtained with microwave heating, albeit after twice the time (120 min vs. 60 min). Under similar con...

The effects of different alkaline pretreatments on cellulose structural features and accessibility are compared and correlated with the enzymatic hydrolysis of Populus. The pretreatments are shown to modify polysaccharides and lignin content to enhance the accessibility for cellulase enzymes. The highest increase in the cellulose accessibility was observed in dilute sodium hydroxide, followed b...

Fresh egg waffles are continuously baked in tunnel baking ovens in industrial scale. Waffles that partly or fully stick to the baking plates cause significant product loss and increased costs. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of different recipe ingredients on the sticking behavior of waffles. In this second part, ingredients investigated were different leavening ...

Using the Kober-lttrich fluorescence procedure, automated fluorometry was applied to the assayof individualestrogensand their 3-methyl ether derivatives in the purified urinary extracts of nonpregnant women. The values obtained by using this new automated scheme were comparedwith those obtained by the manual time-decay modification of the Slaunwhite-Engel fluorescence method; the comparisonshow...

In 1890, 2 years before the term ^^hemicellulose" was introduced into chemical Uterature by Schulze (12) j^ Allen and ToUens (1) extracted wheat straw with alkali and obtained a product that on hydrolysis afforded ¿-xylose. In 1901 Salkowski (11) extracted wheat straw with boiling 6-percent sodium hydroxide solution and showed that the xylan could be precipitated from the alkaline extract by me...