People learn language from their social environment. As individuals differ in their social networks, they might be exposed to input with different lexical distributions, and these might influence their linguistic representations and lexical choices. In this article we test the relation between linguistic performance and 3 social network properties that should influence input variability, namely...

The theory-of-mind (ToM) network refers to a specific group of brain regions implicated in the thinking of people's mental states. It remains unclear how this network contributes to verb comprehension. In the present study, we compared brain activations evoked by verbs that refer to social actions, private actions, and nonhuman events. All classic regions of the ToM network, including the poste...

Selenium-containing heterocyclic compounds have been well recognized, not only because of their remarkable reactivities and chemical properties, but also because of their diverse pharmaceutical applications. In this context, isoselenocyanates have been emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of selenium-containing heterocycles, since they are easy to prepare and store and are safe to handl...

For many decades, ecologists have asked what prevents herbivores from consuming most of the plant biomass in terrestrial ecosystems, or "Why is the world green?" Here I ask the analogous question for detritivores: what prevents them from degrading most of the organic material in soils, or "Why is the ground brown?" For fresh plant detritus, constraints on decomposition closely parallel constrai...

The advancement of microbial processes for the production of renewable liquid fuels has increased with concerns about the current fuel economy. The development of advanced biofuels in particular has risen to address some of the shortcomings of ethanol. These advanced fuels have chemical properties similar to petroleum-based liquid fuels, thus removing the need for engine modification or infrast...

Fluorescence fluctuation methods have become invaluable research tools for characterizing the molecular-level physical and chemical properties of complex systems, such as molecular concentrations, dynamics, and the stoichiometry of molecular interactions. However, information recovery via curve fitting analysis of fluctuation data is complicated by limited resolution and challenges associated w...

The structure of diheteropeptin (1), a TGF-beta-like active substance from Diheterospora chlamydosporia Q58044, was determined to be a new cyclotetrapeptide, cyclo[2aminoisobutyryl-(S)-phenylalanyl-(R)-prolyl-(2S,8R,9R)-2-am ino-8,9-dihydroxydecanoyl-] by NMR, mass spectrometric and chemical studies.

A novel adaptive-gain twisting controller that is robust to the bounded disturbances with the unknown boundaries is proposed. The control algorithm is derived using the Lyapunov function technique. It is shown that an ideal or real second order sliding mode is established, and the adaptation algorithm does not overestimate the control gain. The efficacy of the proposed adaptive twisting control...

Social networks have small-world property, hierarchical community structure, and some other properties. This paper proposes models of networks with these properties and algorithm for community structure recognition. The models are useable for testing effectiveness and efficiency of different algorithms for social network analysis. © 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.